实验报告
|
实验时间： |
|
实验人： |
蔡连军 |
|
实验名称：配置热备份路由协议（HSRP） | |||
|
实验任务和目标：
1. HSRP的基本配置，可以全网互通。
2. 配置HSRP的优先级。
3. 配置HSRP的占先权。
4. 配置Hello消息计时器。（注意：一般此项不做更改）
5. 配置HSRP的端口追踪。 | |||
|
实验环境描述：
北京星辰集团是一家知名软件开发公司，由于市场占有率及其公司规模的不断扩大，每天都有大量的客户需要访问服务器和公司员工需要获取更多的信息，使得公司的一台路由器时不时的出现问题，给公司的发展带来很多不变。星辰公司希望能让公司24小时保持Internet连接。 | |||
|
实验拓扑及网络规划：
根据公司需求，为公司设计如图所示的解决方案，用两台Cisco 3640路由器来连接Internet,使用HSRP协议
让不同vlan的主机或服务器通过不同的路由器连接外网，即实现了网关的备份又可以做到负载。 | |||
|
实验操作过程及配置说明，配置结果已包含在其中：
1.在路由器上配置HSRP，并实现全网互通。
1.1将R1的e0/0口和R2的e0/0口划分到HSRP 1中，配置HSRP 1组的虚拟路由器的ip为192.168.1.100/24.
R1：
r1(config)#int e0/0
r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#no sh
r1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:02:35.631: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:02:36.631: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to
up
r1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.100 将R1的e0/0口加入到组HSRP 1中
*Mar 1 00:03:23.771: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:03:24.271: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active
r1(config-if)#duplex full
r1(config-if)#no ip redirects 关闭端口重定向，默认开启HSRP后已经关闭
r1(config-if)#
R2：
r2(config)#int e0/0
r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#no sh
*Mar 1 00:06:23.507: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:06:24.507: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to
up
r2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.100 将R2的e0/0口加入到组HSRP 1中
*Mar 1 00:06:39.135: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on Ethernet0/0 (not full du
plex), with s1 FastEthernet0/1 (full duplex).
r2(config-if)#duplex full 将端口陪为全双工
*Mar 1 00:07:12.527: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby
r2(config-if)#no ip redirects
r2(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:13:41.739: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r2#show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Standby
1 state change, last state change 00:06:40
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100 组HSRP 1虚拟路由器IP
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec 发送hello消息间隔时间为3s,保留时间为10s
Next hello sent in 1.084 secs 离下一次发送hellp的时间为1.084s
Preemption disabled 没有启用占先权
Active router is 192.168.1.1, priority 100 (expires in 9.880 sec) 活动路由器ip为192.168.1.1，其优先级为100
Standby router is local 本机为备份路由器
Priority 100 (default 100) 在HSRP中路由器默认优先级为100
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
R1：
r1(config-if)#int e0/1
r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#no sh
*Mar 1 00:16:42.515: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:16:43.515: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to
up
r1(config-if)#standby 2 ip 192.168.2.200 将R1的e0/1口加入到组HSRP 2中
r1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:17:18.543: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/1 Grp 2 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:17:19.043: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/1 Grp 2 state Standby -> Active
r1(config-if)#no ip redirects
r1(config-if)#duplex full
r1(config-if)#
R2：
r2(config)#int e0/1
r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#no sh
*Mar 1 00:18:07.191: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:18:08.191: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to
up
r2(config-if)#standby 2 ip 192.168.2.200 将R2的e0/1口加入到组HSRP 2中
r2(config-if)#no ip redirects
r2(config-if)#duplex full
r2(config-if)#^Z
r2#
*Mar 1 00:18:41.915: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/1 Grp 2 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:18:41.919: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r2#show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Standby
1 state change, last state change 00:11:50
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 0.276 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 192.168.1.1, priority 100 (expires in 9.072 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 100 (default 100)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
Ethernet0/1 - Group 2
State is Standby
1 state change, last state change 00:00:21
Virtual IP address is 192.168.2.200 虚拟路由器ip
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 2.664 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 192.168.2.1, priority 100 (expires in 9.820 sec) 活动路由器ip及其优先级
Standby router is local 本地为备份路由器
Priority 100 (default 100)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/1-2" (default)
1.2配置PC机，测试全网互通：
VPCS 1 >ip 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.100 24 配置PC1的IP网关为组1虚拟路由器的IP
PC1 : 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.100
VPCS 1 >2
VPCS 2 >ip 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.2 24 配置PC2的IP网关为R2的e0/0口的IP
PC2 : 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.2
VPCS 2 >3
VPCS 3 >ip 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.200 24 配置PC3的IP网关为组2虚拟路由器的IP
PC3 : 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.2.200
VPCS 3 >show ip
NAME IP/CIDR GATEWAY LPORT RPORT
PC1 192.168.1.3/24 192.168.1.100 10001 21002
PC2 192.168.1.4/24 192.168.1.2 10002 21003
PC3 192.168.2.3/24 192.168.2.200 10003 22002
VPCS 3 >ping 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=2 time=125.000 ms
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=3 time=62.000 ms
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=4 time=47.000 ms
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=5 time=47.000 ms
VPCS 3 >ping 192.168.1.4
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=2 time=93.000 ms
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=3 time=63.000 ms
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=4 time=125.000 ms
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=5 time=109.000 ms
2.配置HSRP的优先级：
R1：
r1(config)#int e0/0
r1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110 在HSRP1组中，将活动路由器的优先级改为110
r1(config-if)#int e0/1
r1(config-if)#standby 2 priority 110 在HSRP2组中，将活动路由器的优先级改为110
r1(config-if)#^Z
r1#
*Mar 1 00:27:39.027: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r1#show standby bri
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Et0/0 1 110 Active local 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.100
Et0/1 2 110 Active local 192.168.2.2 192.168.2.200
R2：
r2(config)#int e0/0
r2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120 在HSRP1组中，将备份路由器的优先级改为120
r2(config-if)#int e0/1
r2(config-if)#standby 2 priority 120 在HSRP2组中，将备份路由器的优先级改为120
r2(config-if)#^Z
r2#
*Mar 1 00:30:05.867: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r2#show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Standby
1 state change, last state change 00:23:05
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 0.464 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 192.168.1.1, priority 110 (expires in 9.256 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 120 (configured 120)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
Ethernet0/1 - Group 2
State is Standby
1 state change, last state change 00:11:36
Virtual IP address is 192.168.2.200
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 2.836 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 192.168.2.1, priority 110 (expires in 6.960 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 120 (configured 120)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/1-2" (default)
从上面的配置可以看出虽然备份路由器的优先级高于活动路由器此时备份路由器也不能自动变为活动路由器，还需在备份路由器上配置占先权才可。
R2：
r2(config)#int e0/0
r2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt 为HSRP1组的备份路由器配置占先权
r2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:32:44.415: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active
r2(config-if)#int e0/1
r2(config-if)#do show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active
2 state changes, last state change 00:00:50
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 0.388 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local 本地R2变为活动路由器
Standby router is 192.168.1.1, priority 110 (expires in 8.432 sec)
Priority 120 (configured 120)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
Ethernet0/1 - Group 2
State is Standby
1 state change, last state change 00:14:53
Virtual IP address is 192.168.2.200
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 0.884 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 192.168.2.1, priority 110 (expires in 8.072 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 120 (configured 120)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/1-2" (default)
r2(config-if)#
在配置占要求的HSRP 1中备份路由器已经变为Active，而另了一个依然为Standby router。
3. 配置Hello消息的计时器：此项的值通常是最合适的，所以建议保持该项不变
R2：
r2(config-if)#int e0/0
r2(config-if)#standby 1 timers 4 12 配置hello消息的计时器
r2(config-if)#end
r2#show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active
2 state changes, last state change 00:12:27
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 4 sec, hold time 12 sec 配置后的计时器
Next hello sent in 3.060 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 192.168.1.1, priority 110 (expires in 8.100 sec)
Priority 120 (configured 120)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
4. 配置端口跟踪:利用端口跟踪，活跃路由器的优先级可以基于路由器端口的可用性而自动调整，当活跃路由器的上一个跟踪变为不可用时，活跃路由器的HSRP优先级将被降低。此时即使备份路由器的优先级高于活跃路由器也不能自动变为活跃路由器，须在在备份路由器上配置占先权才行.
R2：
r2(config)#int e0/0
r2(config-if)#standby 1 track e0/1 50 配置端口追踪，追踪端口为R2的e0/1口
r2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt 为其配置占先权，在其回复后抢回原有地位
r2(config-if)#^Z
r2#
*Mar 1 00:48:27.619: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r2#show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active
2 state changes, last state change 00:15:54
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 4 sec, hold time 12 sec
Next hello sent in 0.464 secs
Preemption enabled 已启用占先权
Active router is local
Standby router is 192.168.1.1, priority 110 (expires in 9.536 sec)
Priority 120 (configured 120)
Track interface Ethernet0/1 state Up decrement 50 当其上行链路不可用时，其优先级自动减去50
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
Ethernet0/1 - Group 2
State is Standby
1 state change, last state change 00:29:57
Virtual IP address is 192.168.2.200
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 2.956 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 192.168.2.1, priority 110 (expires in 9.268 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 120 (configured 120)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/1-2" (default)
r2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r2(config)#int e0/1
r2(config-if)#shutdown 关闭R2的e0/1口
r2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:49:23.503: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/1 Grp 2 state Standby -> Init
*Mar 1 00:49:25.503: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to administratively down
*Mar 1 00:49:26.503: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to
down
R1：
r1(config)#int e0/0
r1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt 备份路由器发生政变，并取得后的路由器地位
r1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:52:29.431: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active
r1(config-if)#do show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active
5 state changes, last state change 00:00:37
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 4 sec, hold time 12 sec
Next hello sent in 3.184 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 192.168.1.2, priority 70 (expires in 11.116 sec) R2的优先级变为70
Priority 110 (configured 110)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
R1：
r1#debug standby 开启调试功能，查看其选举过程
HSRP debugging is on
4.1在开启调试功能的同时将被关闭的端口激活
r2(config)#int e0/1
r2(config-if)#no shu 激活被down掉的端口
r2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:56:19.583: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:56:19.915: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active
*Mar 1 00:56:20.583: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/1, changed state to
up
r2(config-if)#^Z
r2#
*Mar 1 00:56:38.111: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Mar 1 00:56:38.583: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/1 Grp 2 state Speak -> Standby
r2#show standby
Ethernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active
5 state changes, last state change 00:00:41
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.100
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 4 sec, hold time 12 sec
Next hello sent in 2.984 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local R2重新变为活动路由器地位
Standby router is 192.168.1.1, priority 110 (expires in 11.320 sec)
Priority 120 (configured 120)
Track interface Ethernet0/1 state Up decrement 50
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/0-1" (default)
Ethernet0/1 - Group 2
State is Standby
3 state changes, last state change 00:00:22
Virtual IP address is 192.168.2.200
Active virtual MAC address is
Local virtual MAC address is
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 1.632 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 192.168.2.1, priority 110 (expires in 7.504 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 120 (configured 120)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0/1-2" (default)
r2#
4.2查看调试过程
r1#
*Mar 1 00:56:16.043: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello out 192.168.2.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:16.603: HSRP: Et0/1 REDIRECT adv in, Passive, active 0, passive 1, from 192.168.2.2
*Mar 1 00:56:17.675: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Standby pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:17.819: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:17.979: HSRP: Et0/0 REDIRECT adv in, Active, active 1, passive 2, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 00:56:18.051: HSRP: Et0/0 API arp proto filter,
lter
*Mar 1 00:56:18.055: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Coup in 192.168.1.2 Standby pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:18.055: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Active: j/Coup rcvd from higher pri router (120/192.168.1.2)
*Mar 1 00:56:18.055: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Active router is 192.168.1.2, was local
*Mar 1 00:56:18.059: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Standby router is unknown, was 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 00:56:18.059: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 00:56:18.059: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 00:56:18.059: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Et0/0-1" state Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 00:56:18.063: HSRP: Et0/0 Redirect adv out, Passive, active 0 passive 1
*Mar 1 00:56:18.067: HSRP: Et0/0 API MAC address update
*Mar 1 00:56:18.071: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Speak pri 110 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:18.071: HSRP: Et0/0 REDIRECT adv in, Active, active 1, passive 1, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 00:56:18.071: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:19.043: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello out 192.168.2.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:21.931: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:22.043: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello out 192.168.2.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:22.071: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Speak pri 110 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:25.043: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello out 192.168.2.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:25.931: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:26.071: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Speak pri 110 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:26.587: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello in 192.168.2.2 Speak pri 120 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:28.043: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello out 192.168.2.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:29.587: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello in 192.168.2.2 Speak pri 120 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:29.931: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:30.055: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Speak: d/Standby timer expired (unknown)
*Mar 1 00:56:30.055: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Standby router is local
*Mar 1 00:56:30.055: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:56:30.055: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0/0 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:56:30.059: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Et0/0-1" state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:56:30.059: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Standby pri 110 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:31.043: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello out 192.168.2.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:32.603: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello in 192.168.2.2 Speak pri 120 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:33.963: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:56:34.043: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello out 192.168.2.1 Active pri 110 vIP 192.168.2.200
*Mar 1 00:56:34.059: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Standby pri 110 vIP 192.168.1.100
4.3 使用no debug all 或no debug standby 关闭调试功能。此功能消耗大量的路由器资源，所以用完后应及时关闭，强烈建议：在路由器资源使用很大或是路由器负担很重的情况不要开启该功能。
r1#no debug all
*Mar 1 00:57:30.011: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 120 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:57:30.059: HSRP: Et0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Standby pri 110 vIP 192.168.1.100
*Mar 1 00:57:30.635: HSRP: Et0/1 Grp 2 Hello in 192.168.2.2 Standby pri 120 vIP 192.168.2.200
All possible debugging has been turned off
r1#
5.配置完毕，检测全网是否互通。
VPCS 3 >ping 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=1 time=78.000 ms
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=2 time=109.000 ms
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=3 time=125.000 ms
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=4 time=125.000 ms
192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=5 time=93.000 ms
VPCS 3 >ping 192.168.1.4
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=1 time=79.000 ms
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=2 time=63.000 ms
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=3 time=47.000 ms
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=4 time=47.000 ms
192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=5 time=156.000 ms | |||
|
总结和分析：
1. HSRP不仅可以实现网关的备份，实现动态的网关，还可以起到负载的功能。
2. HSRP组包含活动路由器、备份路由器、虚拟路由器和其他路由器。一个HSRP组中有且只有一个为活动路由器，并负责转发数据，一个路由器的多个端口不能属于一个HSRP组。
3. 利用端口跟踪，活跃路由器的优先级可以基于路由器端口的可用性而自动调整，当活跃路由器的上一个跟踪变为不可用时，活跃路由器的HSRP优先级将被降低。此时即使备份路由器的优先级高于活跃路由器也不能自动变为活跃路由器，须在在备份路由器上配置占先权才行. | |||
