|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface range {port-range} |
进入组配置状态 |
Step 3 |
|
可以使用平时的端口配置命令进行配置 |
Step 4 |
end |
退回 |
Step 5 |
show interfaces [interface-id] |
验证配置 |
Step 6 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存 |
- 有效的组范围:
- vlan从1 到4094
- fastethernet 槽位/{first port} - {last port}, 槽位为0
- gigabitethernet槽位/{first port} - {last port},槽位为0
- port-channel port-channel-number - port-channel-number, port-channel号从1到64
- 端口号之间需要加入空格,如:interface range fastethernet 0/1 – 5 是有效的,而interface range fastethernet 0/1-5 是无效的.
- interface range 命令只能配置已经存在的interface vlan
- 所有在同一组的端口必须是相同类别的。
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 5
Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown
Switch(config-if-range)#
*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/05,
changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed
state to up
*Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed
state to up
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 3, gigabitethernet0/1 - 2
Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown
Switch(config-if-range)#
*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/ 1,
changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ 2,
changed state to up
*Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ 3,
changed state to up
配置二层端口
配置端口速率及双工模式
可以配置快速以太口的速率为10/100Mbps及千兆以太口的速率为10/100/1000-Mbps; 但对于GBIC端口则不能配置速率及双工模式,有时可以配置nonegotiate,当需要联接不支持自适应的其它千兆端口时
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态. |
Step 2 |
interface interface-id |
进入端口配置状态. |
Step 3 |
speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto | nonegotiate} |
设置端口速率
注 1000 只工作在千兆口. GBIC模块只工作在1000 Mbps下. nonegotiate 只能在这些GBIC上用 1000BASE-SX, -LX, and -ZX GBIC. |
Step 4 |
duplex {auto | full | half} |
设置全双工或半双工. |
Step 5 |
end |
退出 |
Step 6 |
show interfaces interface-id |
显示有关配置情况 |
Step 7 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存 |
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/3
Switch(config-if)# speed 10
Switch(config-if)# duplex half
端口描述
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置模式 |
Step 2 |
interface interface-id |
进入要加入描述的端口 |
Step 3 |
description string |
加入描述 (最多240个字符). |
Step 4 |
end |
退回. |
Step 5 |
show interfaces interface-id description
or
show running-config |
验证. |
Step 6 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存 |
|
Switch# config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/4
Switch(config-if)# description Connects to Marketing
Switch(config-if)# end
Switch# show interfaces fastethernet0/4 description
Interface Status Protocol Description
Fa0/4 up down Connects to Marketing
配置三层口
- SVIs: 即interface vlan
|
Note 当生成一个interface Vlan时,只有当把某一物理端口分配给它时才能被激活 |
- 三层以太网通道口(EtherChannel)
- .路由口:路由口是指某一物理端口在端口配置状态下用no switchport命令生成的端口
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface {{fastethernet | gigabitethernet} interface-id} | {vlan vlan-id} | {port-channel port-channel-number} |
进入端口配置状态 |
Step 3 |
no switchport |
把物理端口变成三层口 |
Step 4 |
ip address ip_address subnet_mask |
配置IP地址和掩码 |
Step 5 |
no shutdown |
激活端口 |
Step 6 |
end |
退出 |
Step 7 |
show interfaces [interface-id]
show ip interface [interface-id]
show running-config interface [interface-id] |
验证配置 |
Step 8 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存配置 |
|
Switch# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2
Switch(config-if)# no switchport
Switch(config-if)# ip address 192.20.135.21 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# no shutdown
Switch(config-if)# end
Switch# show ip interface gigabitethernet0/2
GigabitEthernet0/2 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 192.20.135.21/24
Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
Address determined by setup command
MTU is 1500 bytes
Helper address is not set
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
<output truncated>
监控及维护端口
监控端口和控制器的状态
Show Commands for Interfaces Command |
目的 |
show interfaces [interface-id] |
显示所有端口或某一端口的状态和配置. |
show interfaces interface-id status [err-disabled] |
显示一系列端口的状态或错误-关闭的状态 |
show interfaces [interface-id] switchport |
显示二层端口的状态,可以用来决定此口是否为二层或三层口。 |
show interfaces [interface-id] description |
显示端口描述 |
show ip interface [interface-id] |
显示所有或某一端口的IP可用性状态 |
show running-config interface [interface-id] |
显示当前配置中的端口配置情况 |
show version |
显示软硬件等情况 |
|
Switch# show interfaces status
Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type
Gi0/1 connected routed a-full a-100 10/100/1000Base
TX
Gi0/2 wce server 20.20.2 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/3 ip wccp web-cache notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/4 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/5 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/6 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/7 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/8 disabled routed auto 100 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/9 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/10 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
Gi0/11 disabled routed auto auto unknown
Gi0/12 notconnect routed auto auto unknown
Switch# show interfaces fastethernet 0/1 switchport
Name: Fa0/1
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: static access
Operational Mode: down
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: Off
Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL
Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001
Protected: false
Unknown unicast blocked: disabled
Unknown multicast blocked: disabled
Voice VLAN: dot1p (Inactive)
Appliance trust: 5
Switch# show running-config interface fastethernet0/2
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 131 bytes
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport mode access
switchport protected
no ip address
mls qos cos 7
mls qos cos override
end
刷新、重置端口及计数器
Clear命令 |
目的 |
clear counters [interface-id] |
清除端口计数器. |
clear interface interface-id |
重置某一端口的硬件逻辑 |
clear line [number | console 0 | vty number] |
重置异步串口的硬件逻辑 |
|
Note clear counters 命令只清除用show interface所显示的计数,不影响用snmp得到的计数 |
Switch# clear counters fastethernet0/5
Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm] y
Switch#
*Sep 30 08:42:55: %CLEAR-5-COUNTERS: Clear counter on interface FastEthernet0/5
by vty1 (171.69.115.10)
Switch# clear interface fastethernet0/5
关闭和打开端口
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface {vlan vlan-id} | {{fastethernet | gigabitethernet} interface-id} | {port-channel port-channel-number} |
选择要关闭的端口 |
Step 3 |
shutdown |
关闭 |
Step 4 |
end |
退出 |
Step 5 |
show running-config |
验证 |
|
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5
Switch(config-if)# shutdown
Switch(config-if)#
*Sep 30 08:33:47: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to a
administratively down
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5
Switch(config-if)# no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#
*Sep 30 08:36:00: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to up
配置VLAN
理解VLAN
VLAN作为逻辑定义的网络示意图
可支持的VLAN
配置正常范围的VLAN
|
注意 不要手工删除vlan.dat 文件,可能造成VLAN的不完整。 如要删除vlan需要用有关的命令来进行 |
生成、修改以太网VLAN
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
vlan vlan-id |
输入一个VLAN号, 然后进入vlan配置状态,可以输入一个新的VLAN号或旧的来进行修改。 |
Step 3 |
name vlan-name |
(可选)输入一个VLAN名,如果没有配置VLAN名,缺省的名字是VLAN号前面用0填满的4位数,如VLAN0004是VLAN4的缺省名字 |
Step 4 |
mtu mtu-size |
(可选) 改变MTU大小 |
Step 5 |
end |
退出 |
Step 6 |
show vlan {name vlan-name | id vlan-id} |
验证 |
Step 7 |
copy running-config startup config |
(可选) 保存配置 |
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)# name test20
Switch(config-vlan)# end
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
vlan database |
进入VLAN配置状态 |
Step 2 |
vlan vlan-id name vlan-name |
加入VLAN号及VLAN名 |
Step 3 |
vlan vlan-id mtu mtu-size |
(可选) 修改MTU大小 |
Step 4 |
exit |
更新VLAN数据庫并退出 |
Step 5 |
show vlan {name vlan-name | id vlan-id} |
验证配置 |
Step 6 |
copy running-config startup config |
保存配置(可选) |
|
Switch# vlan database
Switch(vlan)# vlan 20 name test20
Switch(vlan)# exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
Switch#
删除VLAN
|
注意 当删除一个VLAN时,原来属于此VLAN的端口将处于非激活的状态,直到将其分配给某一VLAN。 |
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
no vlan vlan-id |
删除某一VLAN. |
Step 3 |
end |
退出 |
Step 4 |
show vlan brief |
验证 |
Step 5 |
copy running-config startup config |
保存 |
|
将端口分配给一个VLAN
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface interface-id |
进入要分配的端口 |
Step 3 |
switchport mode access |
定义二层口 |
Step 4 |
switchport access vlan vlan-id |
把端口分配给某一VLAN |
Step 5 |
end |
退出 |
Step 6 |
show running-config interface interface-id |
验证端口的VLAN号 |
Step 7 |
show interfaces interface-id switchport |
验证端口的管理模式和VLAN情况 |
Step 8 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存配置 |
|
Switch# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 2
Switch(config-if)# end
Switch#
配置VLAN Trunks
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface interface-id |
进入端口配置状态 |
Step 3 |
switchport trunk encapsulation {isl | dot1q | negotiate} |
配置trunk封装ISL 或 802.1Q 或自动协商 |
Step 4 |
switchport mode {dynamic {auto | desirable} | trunk} |
配置二层trunk模式。
|
Step 5 |
switchport access vlan vlan-id |
(可选) 指定一个缺省VLAN, 如果此端口不再是trunk |
Step 6 |
switchport trunk native vlan vlan-id |
指定802.1Q native VLAN号 |
Step 7 |
end |
退出 |
Step 8 |
show interfaces interface-id switchport |
显示有关switchport 的配置 |
Step 9 |
show interfaces interface-id trunk |
显示有关trunk的配置 |
Step 10 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存配置 |
Switch# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/4
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)# end
定义trunk允许的VLAN
|
Command |
Purpose |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface interface-id |
进入端口配置 |
Step 3 |
switchport mode trunk |
配置二层口为trunk |
Step 4 |
switchport trunk allowed vlan {add | all | except | remove} vlan-list |
(可选) 配置trunk允许的VLAN.
使用add, all, except, remove关健字 |
Step 5 |
end |
退出 |
Step 6 |
show interfaces interface-id switchport |
验证VLAN配置情况. |
Step 7 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存配置 |
|
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/1
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 2
Switch(config-if)# end
配置Native VLAN(802.1q)
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface interface-id |
进入配置成802.1qtrunk的端口 |
Step 3 |
switchport trunk native vlan vlan-id |
配置native VLAN号 |
Step 4 |
end |
退出 |
Step 5 |
show interfaces interface-id switchport |
验证native VLAN配置 |
Step 6 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存配置 |
|
使用STP实现负载均衡
使用STP端口权值的负载均衡
基于端口权值的负载均衡示意图
|
Command |
Purpose |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入Switch 1配置状态 |
Step 2 |
vtp domain domain-name |
配置VTP域 |
Step 3 |
vtp mode server |
将Switch 1配置成VTP server. |
Step 4 |
end |
退出 |
Step 5 |
show vtp status |
验证VTP的配置 |
Step 6 |
show vlan |
验证VLAN |
Step 7 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 8 |
interface fastethernet 0/1 |
进入F0/1端口 |
Step 9 |
switchport trunk encapsulation {isl | dot1q | negotiate} |
配置trunk封装 |
Step 10 |
switchport mode trunk |
配置成trunk |
Step 11 |
end |
退出 |
Step 12 |
show interfaces fastethernet0/1 switchport |
验证VLAN配置 |
Step 13 |
|
在switch1上的F0/2上重复7到11步骤 |
Step 14 |
|
在Switch 2的F0/1,F0/2上重复7到11步骤。 |
Step 15 |
show vlan |
当trunk已经起来,在switch2上验证已经学到相关的vlan配置 |
Step 16 |
configure terminal |
在Switch 1上进入配置状态 |
Step 17 |
interface fastethernet0/1 |
进入要配置的端口 |
Step 18 |
spanning-tree vlan 8 port-priority 10 |
将端口权值10赋与VLAN 8. |
Step 19 |
spanning-tree vlan 9 port-priority 10 |
将端口权值10赋与VLAN 9. |
Step 20 |
spanning-tree vlan 10 port-priority 10 |
将端口权值10赋与VLAN 10. |
Step 21 |
exit |
退回. |
Step 22 |
interface fastethernet0/2 |
进入F0/2 |
Step 23 |
spanning-tree vlan 3 port-priority 10 |
将端口权值10赋与VLAN 3. |
Step 24 |
spanning-tree vlan 4 port-priority 10 |
将端口权值10赋与VLAN 4. |
Step 25 |
spanning-tree vlan 5 port-priority 10 |
将端口权值10赋与VLAN 5. |
Step 26 |
spanning-tree vlan 6 port-priority 10 |
将端口权值10赋与VLAN 10. |
Step 27 |
end |
退出 |
Step 28 |
show running-config |
验证配置 |
Step 29 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存配置 |
|
配置STP路径值的负载均衡
|
命令 |
目的 |
Step 1 |
configure terminal |
进入 Switch 1配置状态 |
Step 2 |
interface fastethernet 0/1 |
进入F0/1 |
Step 3 |
switchport trunk encapsulation {isl | dot1q | negotiate} |
配置封装 |
Step 4 |
switchport mode trunk |
配置Trunk,缺省是ISL封装 |
Step 5 |
exit |
退回 |
Step 6 |
|
在F0/2口上重复2-4步骤 |
Step 7 |
end |
退出 |
Step 8 |
show running-config |
验证配置 |
Step 9 |
show vlan |
验证switch1已经学到Vlan |
Step 10 |
configure terminal |
进入配置状态 |
Step 11 |
interface fastethernet 0/1 |
进入F0/1 |
Step 12 |
spanning-tree vlan 2 cost 30 |
设置Vlan2生成树路径值为30 |
Step 13 |
spanning-tree vlan 3 cost 30 |
设置Vlan3生成树路径值为30 |
Step 14 |
spanning-tree vlan 4 cost 30 |
设置Vlan4生成树路径值为30 |
Step 15 |
end |
退出 |
Step 16 |
|
在switch1的F0/2上重复9-11步骤设置VLAN8,9,10生成树路径值为30 |
Step 17 |
exit |
退出 |
Step 18 |
show running-config |
验证配置 |
Step 19 |
copy running-config startup-config |
保存配置 |