Introduction 简介
Prerequisites 先决条件
Requirements 需求
Components Used 使用的组件
Conventions 公约
Background Information 背景资料
BIP-8 Bytes in SONET Overhead BIP - 8在SONET开销字节
When Do Particular BIP Errors Occur? 特别是BIP的错误是什么时候发生的?
BER 误码率
Set BER Thresholds 设置的BER阈值
Report BIP Errors 报告的BIP错误
How Does a Router Respond to BIP Errors? 路由器是如何响应的BIP错误?
Steps to Troubleshoot 步骤来解决
Bit Errors on ATM Interfaces ATM接口的误码
Cisco Support Community - Featured Conversations 思科支持社区-特色
Related Information 相关信息
Introduction 简介
Prerequisites 先决条件
Requirements 需求
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SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork). SONET(同步光网络)。
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GSR (Gigabit Switch Router). GSR(千兆位交换路由器)。
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ESR (Edge Services Router). ESR(边缘路由器)。
Components Used 使用的组件
Conventions 公约
Background Information 背景资料
Feb 22 08:47:16.793: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface POS3/0, 2月22日08:47:16.793:%LINEPROTO - 5上下按钮:POS3 / 0接口上的线路协议, changed state to down下来的状态发生变化 Feb 22 08:47:16.793: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 12.122.0.32 on POS3/0 2月22日08:47:16.793:%OSPF - 5 - ADJCHG:进程2,NBR POS3 / 0 12.122.0.32 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down从全下来,邻居下降 Feb 22 08:48:50.837: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS3/0: SLOS 2月22日08:48:50.837:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS3 / 0:联络主任 Feb 22 08:48:52.409: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface POS3/0, changed state to down 2月22日08:48:52.409:%LINK - 3 -上下按钮:界面POS3 / 0,状态发生了改变向下 Feb 22 08:50:47.845: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS3/0: B1 BER exceeds threshold, 2月22日08:50:47.845:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS3 / 0:B1误码率超过阈值, TC alarm declared 声明训练班报警 Feb 22 08:50:47.845: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS3/0: B2 BER exceeds threshold, 2月22日08:50:47.845:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS3 / 0:B2误码率超过阈值, TC alarm declared 声明训练班报警 Feb 22 08:50:47.845: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS3/0: B3 BER exceeds threshold, 2月22日08:50:47.845:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS3 / 0:B3误码率超过阈值, TC alarm declared 声明训练班报警 Feb 22 08:50:52.922: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS3/0: SLOS cleared 2月22日08:50:52.922:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS3 / 0:SLO来清除 Feb 22 08:50:54.922: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface POS3/0, changed state to up 2月22日08:50:54.922:%LINK - 3 -上下按钮:界面POS3 / 0,状态发生了改变起来
BIP-8 Bytes in SONET Overhead BIP - 8在SONET开销字节
Path Overhead 通道开销 | ||||
Section Overhead 段开销 |
A1 Framing A1帧 |
A2 Framing A2的帧 |
A3 Framing A3的帧 |
J1 Trace J1的跟踪 |
B1 BIP-8 B1的BIP - 8 |
E1 Orderwire E1的勤务 |
E1 User E1的用户 |
B3 BIP-8 B3的BIP - 8 | |
D1 Data Com D1的数据通信 |
D2 Data Com COM D2的数据 |
D3 Data Com D3的数据COM |
C2 Signal Label C2信号标签 | |
Line Overhead 线路开销 |
H1 Pointer H1的指针 |
H2 Pointer H2的指针 |
H3 Pointer Action H3的指针行动 |
G1 Path Status G1路径状态 |
B2 BIP-8 B2的BIP - 8 |
K1 K1 |
K2 K2 |
F2 User Channel F2用户通道 | |
D4 Data Com D4数据通信 |
D5 Data Com D5的数据COM |
D5 Data Com D5的数据COM |
H4 Indicator H4的指标 | |
D7 Data Com D7数据COM |
D8 Data Com D8的数据COM |
D9 Data Com D9数据COM |
Z3 Growth Z3的增长 | |
D10 Data Com D10的数据COM |
D11 Data Com D11的数据COM |
D12 Data Com D12的数据COM |
Z4 Growth Z4的增长 | |
S1/Z1 Sync Status/Growth S1/Z1同步状态/增长 |
M0 or M1/Z2 REI-L Growth M0或M1/Z2 REI - L的增长 |
E2 Orderwire E2的勤务 |
Z5 Tandem Connection Z5的串联连接 |
Byte字节 |
Portion of Frame Covered框架部分涵盖 |
Span Monitored跨度监视 |
Error Indication错误指示 |
---|---|---|---|
B1 B1 |
Entire frame, after scrambling.整个画面,后争先恐后。 |
Monitors bit errors between two adjacent STEs (Section Terminating Equipment), such as a regenerator.显示器之间的两个相邻的国营贸易企业(组端接设备),如再生器,位错误。 |
Differences indicate the occurrence of section-level bit errors.差异表明科级位错误的发生。 |
B2 B2 |
Line overhead and synchronous payload envelope (SPE) (including path overhead and payload), before scrambling.架空线和同步有效载荷信封(SPE)(包括路径开销和净荷),前争先恐后。 |
Monitors bit errors between two adjacent LTEs (Line Terminating Equipment), such as an Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) or DCS.监控两个相邻LTEs(线路终端设备),如添加/插复用器(ADM)或DCS之间的位错误。 |
Differences indicate the occurrence of line-level bit errors.差异表明线路电平位错误的发生。 |
B3 B3 |
SPE (including path overhead and payload), before scrambling. SPE(包括路径开销和净荷),前争先恐后。 |
Monitors bit errors between two adjacent Path Terminating Equipments (PTEs), such as two router POS interfaces.两个相邻的路径终端设备(PTE)的,如两个路由器的POS接口之间的监视器位错误。 |
Differences indicate the occurrence of path-level bit errors.差异表明路径级位错误的发生。 |
When Do Particular BIP Errors Occur? 特别是BIP的错误是什么时候发生的?
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B1 : B1 can detect up to eight parity errors per frame. B1:B1可以检测出每帧8个奇偶校验错误。 This level of resolution is not acceptable at OC-192 rates.这一级别的分辨率在OC - 192的价格是不能接受的。 Even-numbered errors can elude the parity check on links with high error rates.偶数的错误,可以躲避的高错误率的链路上的奇偶校验。
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B2 : B2 can detect a far higher number of errors per frame. B2:B2,可以检测出每帧错误的数量远远高于。 The exact number increases as the number of STS-1s (or STM-1s) increases in the SONET frame. SONET帧的STS - 1(或STM - 1)增加数量的确切数量的增加。 For example, an OC-192/STM-64 produces a 192 x 8 = 1536 bit-wide BIP field.例如,一个OC-192/STM-64的产生一个192 × 8 = 1536位宽BIP的领域。 In other words, B2 can count up to 1536 bit errors per frame.换句话说,B2可以计数到1536每帧位错误。 There is considerably less chance of an even-numbered error that eludes the B2 parity calculation.有偶数不到B2奇偶校验计算的错误的机会大大减少。 B2 offers superior resolution when compared to B1 or B3.相比,B1或B3,B2提供优越的分辨率。 Therefore, a SONET interface can report B2 errors only for a particular monitored segment.因此,SONET接口可以报告,只在一个特定监测段B2的错误。
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B3 : B3 can detect up to eight parity errors in the entire SPE. B3:B3可以检测多达8个奇偶校验错误,在整个SPE。 This number produces acceptable resolution for a channelized interface because, (for example) each STS-1 in an STS-3 has a path overhead and B3 byte.这个数字产生通道接口接受的解决办法,因为(例如)在STS - 3的每个STS - 1的路径开销和B3字节。 However, this number produces poor resolution over concatenated payloads in which a single set of path overhead must cover a relatively large payload frame.然而,这个数字产生串联的有效载荷,其中一个单一的路径开销必须覆盖一个比较大的有效载荷帧,分辨率较差。Note: When you initiate an IOS reload or a microcode reload, the POS interface is reset, and so is the framer. 注意:当您启动IOS加载或重新加载微码,POS接口复位,等成帧器。 The reset downloads the microcode on the interface again.下载界面上的微码再次复位。 In some cases, this process can generate a small burst of bit errors.在某些情况下,这个过程可以生成一个位错误的小爆发。
BER 误码率
Set BER Thresholds 设置的BER阈值
RTR12410-2# show controllers pos 6/0 RTR12410 - 2# 显示控制器POS 6 / 0 POS6/0 POS6 / 0 SECTION第 LOF = 0 LOS = 2 BIP(B1) = 63 LOF = 0的LOS = 2 的BIP(B1)= 63 LINE线 AIS = 0 RDI = 1 FEBE = 1387 BIP(B2) = 2510 AIS = 0的RDI = 1 FEBE = 1387 BIP(B2)= 2510 PATH PATH AIS = 0 RDI = 1 FEBE = 17 BIP(B3) = 56 AIS = 0的RDI = 1 FEBE = 17 BIP(B3)= 56 LOP = 2 NEWPTR = 0 PSE = 0 NSE = 0 LOP = 2 NEWPTR = 0的PSE = 0 NSE = 0 Active Defects: None主动缺陷:无 Active Alarms: None活动报警:无 Alarm reporting enabled for: SF SLOS SLOF B1-TCA B2-TCA PLOP B3-TCA报警报告:SF联络主任SLOF的B1 - TCA B2 - TCA PLOP B3 - TCA的启用 Framing: SONET帧结构:SONET APS黄芪多糖 COAPS = 8 PSBF = 1 COAPS = 8 PSBF = 1 State: PSBF_state = True国家:PSBF_state = TRUE ais_shut = FALSE ais_shut = FALSE Rx(K1/K2): 00/00 S1S0 = 00, C2 = CF RX(K1/K2):00/00 S1S0 = 00,C2 = CF Remote aps status working; Reflected local aps status non-aps远程APS状态工作;反映了当地的APS地位的非- APS CLOCK RECOVERY时钟恢复 RDOOL = 0 RDOOL = 0 State: RDOOL_state = False状态:RDOOL_state = FALSE PATH TRACE BUFFER : STABLE路径跟踪缓冲区:稳定 Remote hostname : 12406-2远程主机名:12406-2 Remote interface: POS2/0远程接口:POS2 / 0 Remote IP addr : 48.48.48.6远程IP地址:48.48.48.6 Remote Rx(K1/K2): 00/00 Tx(K1/K2): 00/00远程RX(K1/K2):00/00 TX(K1/K2):00/00 BER thresholds: SF = 10e-3 SD = 10e-6 误码率阈值:SF = 10E - 3 SD = 10E - 6 TCA thresholds: B1 = 10e-6 B2 = 10e-6 B3 = 10e-6 TCA的阈值:B1 = 10E - 6 B2 = 10E - 6 B3 = 10E - 6
router(config-if)# pos threshold ?路由器(配置如果)#POS门槛 ? b1-tca B1 BER threshold crossing alarm B1 - TCA B1误码率超过阈值报警 b2-tca B2 BER threshold crossing alarm B2 - TCA B2误码率超过阈值报警 b3-tca B3 BER threshold crossing alarm B3 - TCA B3误码率超过阈值报警 sd-ber set Signal Degrade BER threshold SD - BER设置信号降级的BER阈值 sf-ber set Signal Fail BER threshold SF - BER设置信号故障误码率门槛
Report BIP Errors 报告的BIP错误
Aug 7 04:32:41 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: B1 BER exceeds threshold, 8月7日4点32分41秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:B1误码率超过阈值, TC alarm declared声明训练班报警 Aug 7 04:32:41 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: B2 BER exceeds threshold, 8月7日4点32分41秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:B2误码率超过阈值, TC alarm declared声明训练班报警 Aug 7 04:32:41 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: SD BER exceeds threshold, 8月7日4点32分41秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:SD误码率超过阈值, TC alarm declared声明训练班报警 Aug 7 04:32:41 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: B3 BER exceeds threshold, 8月7日4点32分41秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:B3误码率超过阈值, TC alarm declared声明训练班报警 Aug 7 04:32:44 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: SLOF cleared 8月7日4时32分44秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:SLOF清除 Aug 7 04:32:44 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: PPLM cleared 8月7日4时32分44秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:PPLM清除 Aug 7 04:32:44 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: LRDI cleared 8月7日4时32分44秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:LRDI清除 Aug 7 04:32:44 BST: %SONET-4-ALARM: POS4/6: PRDI cleared 8月7日4时32分44秒BST:%SONET - 4 -报警:POS4 / 6:PRDI清除 Aug 7 04:32:46 BST: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface POS4/6, changed state to up 8月7 4点32分46秒BST:%LINK - 3 -上下按钮:界面POS4 / 6,改变状态最多 Aug 7 04:32:47 BST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface POS4/6, 8月7 4时32分47秒BST:%LINEPROTO - 5 -上下按钮:POS4 / 6接口上的线路协议, changed state to up最多的状态发生变化
How Does a Router Respond to BIP Errors? 路由器是如何响应的BIP错误?
Steps to Troubleshoot 步骤来解决
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Check the optical power levels.检查光功率水平。 Ensure that the link has sufficient attenuation.确保链路具有足够的衰减。
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Ensure that bad or dirty fiber does not cause the bit errors.确保坏或脏的纤维不会导致位错误。 Complete these steps:完成以下步骤:
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Clean the physical fiber and the interfaces.清洁的物理光纤接口。
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Swap the cables.交换的电缆。
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Check any patch panels.检查所有的配线架。
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Ensure proper clock settings.确保适当的时钟设置。
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Draw out the topology, and check for any transport devices or signal regenerators in between the two ends.绘制出拓扑结构,并检查任何运输设备或在两端之间的信号再生。 Check and clean these devices also.检查并清洁,这些器件还。
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Perform hard loopback tests.执行硬环回测试。 Loop a single strand of fiber into the transmit and receive connectors of the interface.循环的接口发送和接收连接器的光纤的单链。 Then ping the IP address of the interface to ensure that the interface is capable of actual data flow.然后ping接口的IP地址,以确保该接口是实际的数据流的能力。 For more information, refer to Understanding Loopback Modes on Cisco Routers .欲了解更多信息,请参阅了解思科路由器的环回模式。
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When you contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC):当您联系思科技术支持中心(TAC):
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Collect output from the show running-config command.收集从输出显示运行配置命令。
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Collect output from the show controllers pos details command.收集从输出显示控制器POS细节命令。 Determine the number of SONET-level bit errors.确定SONET级位错误。
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Execute the clear counters command.执行命令的明确柜台 。
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Wait a few minutes.等待几分钟。
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Capture the output of show controllers pos details command again for the same interface.再次捕捉的输出显示控制器,POS细节命令相同的接口。
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Alarm Type and Severity报警类型和严重程度 |
Alarm Symptoms报警症状 |
Recommendation建议 |
---|---|---|
TCA_B1 TCA_B1
Threshold crossing alarm - B1超出阈值报警 - B1
Minor 小 |
For alarm types:报警类型:
Alarm messages appear in the CLI and logs. CLI和记录报警信息出现在。 |
In all cases, test the quality of the cables and connections.在所有情况下,测试的电缆和连接的质量。 |
TCA_B2 TCA_B2
Threshold crossing alarm - B2超出阈值报警 - B2
Minor 小 |
- - |
Same as TCA_B1. TCA_B1相同。 |
TCA_B3 TCA_B3
Threshold crossing alarm - B3超出阈值报警 - B3
Minor 小 |
- - |
Same as TCA_B1. TCA_B1相同。 |
BER_SF BER_SF
Signal Fail condition信号故障条件
Minor 小 |
BER_SF and BER_SD alarms result in APS cutovers. BER_SF和BER_SD报警的APS cutovers的结果。 |
In both cases, test the quality of the cables and connections.在这两种情况下,测试的电缆和连接的质量。 |
BER_SD BER_SD
Signal degrade condition信号降解条件
Minor 小 |
- - |
You can specify these BER thresholds.您可以指定这些BER阈值。 |
Bit Errors on ATM Interfaces ATM接口的误码
Sep 19 02:21:44: %SONET-4-ALARM: ATM11/0/0: B1 BER below threshold, 09月19日2时21分44秒:%SONET - 4 -报警:ATM11/0/0:B1误码率低于阈值, TC alarm cleared清除训练班报警 Sep 19 02:21:44: %SONET-4-ALARM: ATM11/0/0: B2 BER below threshold, 09月19日2时21分44秒:%SONET - 4 -报警:ATM11/0/0:B2的误码率低于阈值, TC alarm cleared清除训练班报警
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