化零为整WCF(2) - 契约Contract(ServiceContract、OperationContract、DataContract

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化零为整WCF(2) - 契约Contract(ServiceContract、OperationContract、DataContract、ServiceKnownType和DataMember)

作者：webabcd


介绍
WCF(Windows Communication Foundation) - 契约(Contract)：服务契约(ServiceContract)，操作契约(OperationContract)，数据契约(DataContract)，服务已知类型(ServiceKnownType)，数据成员(DataMember)。


示例
1、服务
IPersonManager.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Contract
{
        /// <summary>
        /// 人员管理接口
        /// </summary>
        // Namespace - 服务契约的命名空间
        // Name - 服务契约的名称（会对应到相关的wsdl，默认情况下本例为接口名“IPersonManager”）
        // ConfigurationName - 服务契约在宿主中所配置的服务名称（默认情况下本例为类的全名“WCF.ServiceLib.Contract.IPersonManager”）
        [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://webabcd.cnblogs.com", Name = "IPersonManager", ConfigurationName = "ConfigurationNameTest")]
        // 服务已知类型 - Student（数据契约）继承自Person（数据契约），要指定Student为已知类型，其才会被序列化
        [ServiceKnownType(typeof(Student))]
        public interface IPersonManager
        {
                /// <summary>
                /// 获取某人的姓名
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="p">Person对象</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                // Name - 操作契约的名称（会对应到相关的wsdl，默认情况下本例为方法名“GetName”）
                [OperationContract(Name="GetPersonName")]
                string GetName([MessageParameter(Name = "person")] Person p);
        }
}

 

PersonManager.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Contract
{
        /// <summary>
        /// 人员管理类
        /// </summary>
        public class PersonManager : IPersonManager
        {
                /// <summary>
                /// 获取某人的姓名
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="p">Person对象</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                public string GetName(Person p)
                {
                         return "Name: " + p.Name;
                }
        }
}

 

Person.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Contract
{
        /// <summary>
        /// Person的实体类
        /// </summary>
        // Name - 数据契约的名称（会对应到相关的wsdl，默认情况下本例为类名“Person”）
        [DataContract(Name = "PersonModel")]
        public class Person
        {
                /// <summary>
                /// Person的实体类的Age属性
                /// </summary>
                // Name - 数据成员的名称（会对应到相关的wsdl，默认情况下本例为属性名“Age”）
                // IsRequired - 该值指示序列化引擎该成员在读取或反序列化时必须存在
                // Order - 数据成员在相关的wsdl中的顺序
                // EmitDefaultValue - 如果应该在序列化流中生成成员的默认值，则为 true，否则为 false，默认值为 true
                [DataMember(Name = "PersonAge", IsRequired = false, Order = 1)]
                public int Age { get; set; }

                /// <summary>
                /// Person的实体类的Name属性
                /// </summary>
                // Name - 数据成员的名称（会对应到相关的wsdl，默认情况下本例为属性名“Name”）
                // IsRequired - 该值指示序列化引擎该成员在读取或反序列化时必须存在
                // Order - 数据成员在相关的wsdl中的顺序
                // EmitDefaultValue - 如果应该在序列化流中生成成员的默认值，则为 true，否则为 false，默认值为 true
                [DataMember(Name = "PersonName", IsRequired = false, Order = 0)]
                public string Name { get; set; }
        }
}

 

Student.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Contract
{
        /// <summary>
        /// Student的实体类
        /// </summary>
        // Name - 数据契约的名称（会对应到相关的wsdl，默认情况下本例为类名“Student”）
        [DataContract(Name = "StudentModel")]
        public class Student : Person
        {
                /// <summary>
                /// Student的实体类的School属性
                /// </summary>
                // Name - 数据成员的名称（会对应到相关的wsdl，默认情况下本例为属性名“School”）
                // IsRequired - 该值指示序列化引擎该成员在读取或反序列化时必须存在
                // Order - 数据成员在相关的wsdl中的顺序
                // EmitDefaultValue - 如果应该在序列化流中生成成员的默认值，则为 true，否则为 false，默认值为 true
                [DataMember(Name = "School", IsRequired = false, Order = 0)]
                public string School { get; set; }
        }
}

 

 

2、宿主
PersonManager.svc

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="WCF.ServiceLib.Contract.PersonManager" %>

 

 

Web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
    <system.serviceModel>
        <behaviors>
            <serviceBehaviors>
                <behavior name="ContractBehavior">
                    <!--httpGetEnabled - 使用get方式提供服务-->
                    <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
                </behavior>
            </serviceBehaviors>
        </behaviors>
        <services>
            <!--name - 提供服务的类名-->
            <!--behaviorConfiguration - 指定相关的行为配置-->
            <service name="WCF.ServiceLib.Contract.PersonManager" behaviorConfiguration="ContractBehavior">
                <!--address - 服务地址-->
                <!--binding - 通信方式-->
                <!--contract - 服务契约-->
                <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="ConfigurationNameTest" />
            </service>
        </services>
    </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

 

 

3、客户端
PersonManager.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="PersonManager.aspx.cs"
        Inherits="Contract_PersonManager" Title="契约(ServiceContract、OperationContract、DataContract、ServiceKnownType和DataMember)" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="Server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="Server">
        <asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Text="webabcd" />
         
        <asp:Button ID="btnGetName" runat="server" Text="GetName"    
                 />
</asp:Content>

 

PersonManager.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Xml.Linq;

public partial class Contract_PersonManager : System.Web.UI.Page
{
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        protected void btnGetName_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
                // Contract.IPersonManager pm = new Contract.PersonManagerClient();

                Contract.PersonManagerClient proxy = new Contract.PersonManagerClient();

                Contract.StudentModel sm = new Contract.StudentModel() { PersonName = txtName.Text };

                Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(
                        this.GetType(),
                        "js",
                        string.Format("alert('{0}')", proxy.GetPersonName(sm)),
                        true);

                proxy.Close();
        }
}

 

Web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
    <system.serviceModel>
        <client>
            <!--address - 服务地址-->
            <!--binding - 通信方式-->
            <!--contract - 服务契约-->
            <endpoint address="http://localhost:3502/ServiceHost/Contract/PersonManager.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="Contract.IPersonManager" />
        </client>
    </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

 

 

运行结果：
单击"btnGetName"后弹出提示框，显示"Name: webabcd"


OK
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