1.基本的读取配置文件
-read(filename) 直接读取ini文件内容
-sections() 得到所有的section,并以列表的形式返回
-options(section) 得到该section的所有option
-items(section) 得到该section的所有键值对
-get(section,option) 得到section中option的值,返回为string类型
-getint(section,option) 得到section中option的值,返回为int类型,还有相应的getboolean()和getfloat() 函数。
2.基本的写入配置文件
-add_section(section) 添加一个新的section
-set( section, option, value) 对section中的option进行设置,需要调用write将内容写入配置文件。
3.基本例子
test.conf
[sec_a] a_key1 = 20 a_key2 = 10 [sec_b] b_key1 = 121 b_key2 = b_value2 b_key3 = $r b_key4 = 127.0.0.1 |
parse_test_conf.py
import ConfigParser cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() #read config cf.read( "test.conf" ) # return all section secs = cf.sections() print 'sections:' , secs opts = cf.options( "sec_a" ) print 'options:' , opts kvs = cf.items( "sec_a" ) print 'sec_a:' , kvs #read by type str_val = cf.get( "sec_a" , "a_key1" ) int_val = cf.getint( "sec_a" , "a_key2" ) print "value for sec_a's a_key1:" , str_val print "value for sec_a's a_key2:" , int_val #write config #update value cf. set ( "sec_b" , "b_key3" , "new-$r" ) #set a new value cf. set ( "sec_b" , "b_newkey" , "new-value" ) #create a new section cf.add_section( 'a_new_section' ) cf. set ( 'a_new_section' , 'new_key' , 'new_value' ) #write back to configure file cf.write( open ( "test.conf" , "w" )) |
得到终端输出:
sections: [ 'sec_b' , 'sec_a' ] options: [ 'a_key1' , 'a_key2' ] sec_a: [( 'a_key1' , "i'm value" ), ('a_key2 ', ' 22')] value for sec_a 's a_key1: i' m value value for sec_a's a_key2: 22 |
更新后的test.conf
[sec_b] b_newkey = new-value b_key4 = 127.0.0.1 b_key1 = 121 b_key2 = b_value2 b_key3 = new-$r [sec_a] a_key1 = i'm value a_key2 = 22 [a_new_section] new_key = new_value |
4.Python 的ConfigParser Module中定义了3个类对INI文件进行操作。分别是RawConfigParser、ConfigParser、 SafeConfigParser。RawCnfigParser是最基础的INI文件读取类,ConfigParser、 SafeConfigParser支持对%(value)s变量的解析。
设定配置文件test2.conf
[portal] url = http: // %(host)s:%(port)s /Portal host = localhost port = 8080 |
使用RawConfigParser:
import ConfigParser cf = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser() print "use RawConfigParser() read" cf.read( "test2.conf" ) print cf.get( "portal" , "url" ) print "use RawConfigParser() write" cf. set ( "portal" , "url2" , "%(host)s:%(port)s" ) print cf.get( "portal" , "url2" ) |
得到终端输出:
use RawConfigParser() read http: // %(host)s:%(port)s /Portal use RawConfigParser() write %(host)s:%(port)s |
改用ConfigParser:
import ConfigParser cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() print "use ConfigParser() read" cf.read( "test2.conf" ) print cf.get( "portal" , "url" ) print "use ConfigParser() write" cf. set ( "portal" , "url2" , "%(host)s:%(port)s" ) print cf.get( "portal" , "url2" ) |
得到终端输出:
use ConfigParser() read http: //localhost :8080 /Portal use ConfigParser() write localhost:8080 |
改用SafeConfigParser:
import ConfigParser cf = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser() print "use SafeConfigParser() read" cf.read( "test2.conf" ) print cf.get( "portal" , "url" ) print "use SateConfigParser() write" cf. set ( "portal" , "url2" , "%(host)s:%(port)s" ) print cf.get( "portal" , "url2" ) |
得到终端输出(效果同ConfigParser):
use SafeConfigParser()
read
http:
//localhost
:8080
/Portal
use SateConfigParser() write
localhost:8080