************************************************************************ 以下是在PT5.3中的实验内容(5.3版本软件中的服务器多了ftp服务,增加升级设备系统的选择) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 网络拓扑图: (1)TFTP方式备份与还原 首先,将路由器上bin文件备份到tftp服务器上。 R2#dir 3 -rw- 33591768 <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin 64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free) R2#copy flash: tftp: Writing c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 33591768 bytes copied in 24.922 secs (1347000 bytes/sec) 33M数据大概在25秒完成。 查看TFTP服务器,发现c1841-new.bin 已经存在了。 R2#dir 3 -rw- 33591768 <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin 64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free) 请注意,只剩下30M,如果直接再传过来一个33M的系统文件,肯定是存储不够啊。是这样吗?我们可以尝试一下好吧。 R2#copy tftp: flash: Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin... 33591768 bytes copied in 19.218 secs (183525 bytes/sec) 那怎么办呢?只好先删除点路由器flash中的东西了,比如这里把原bin文件删掉。 R2#delete flash: R2#dir 2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml 64016384 bytes total (63760565 bytes free) //这次发现空间大了很多吧 在这里请注意:如果直接reload重启一下,你会发现路由器不可能进去系统了。这台路由器暂时就要歇着了。 切忌:删除bin文件后,不能reload R2#reload Boot process failed... The system is unable to boot automatically. The BOOT 第三,从tftp服务器还原升级路由器系统文件 R2#copy tftp: flash: Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin... 33591768 bytes copied in 25.671 secs (137392 bytes/sec) 在完成系统升级后,重启路由器,bin文件才会生效。 R2#reload --- System Configuration Dialog --- Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Router> // 重启后发现名称变成默认,说明系统升级成功了。 注意一点:在系统升级传输过程中灯一直在闪烁状态。 (2)FTP方式备份与还原 ………………………………………… 原理请去看 网络配置教程(0.2)——锐捷、华为(H3C)网络设备系统升级教程2 内容,这里会直接实例验证。 网络拓扑图: 配置过程: 首先,指定与ftp服务器的用户名、密码关联。 R1(config)#ip ftp username cisco 其次,备份系统文件 33591768 bytes copied in 930.381 secs (36000 bytes/sec) // 33M文件花费15多分钟完成。 R1#dir 3 -rw- 33591768 <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin 64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free) R1#delete flash: R1#copy ftp: flash: Accessing ftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin 33591768 bytes copied in 1016.79 secs (3468 bytes/sec) //33M,这次花费17分钟左右。 在完成系统升级后,重启路由器,bin文件才会生效。 R1#reload --- System Configuration Dialog --- Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Router> // 重启后发现名称变成默认,说明系统升级成功了。 注意一点:在系统升级传输过程中灯一直在闪烁状态。 转帖注明出处http://hi.baidu.com/5ijsj/blog/item/4fd7a9cb69257210be09e6f5.html 实验到此也就结束了,最后大家注意: 在实验过程中如果出现以下2种报错情况,请自行检查出错原因并予以解决吧…… Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin........
配置过程:
Directory of flash:/
2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
Source filename []? c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin //没人手写这么长的内容的,直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Destination filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin]? c1841-new.bin
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
其次,查看一下路由器Flash中有什么,还剩下多大空间,如果空间不够,应该删除点文件。
Directory of flash:/
2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Source filename []? c1841-new.bin
Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]? //在此直接回车表示使用默认的c1841-new.bin 名称
Loading c1841-new.bin from 192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 33591768 bytes] // 这里貌似显示传送很正常
%Error copying tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin (Not enough space on device) //这里显示错误了吧,没有那么大的空间肯定是不行的。
Delete filename []?c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin //没人手写这么长的内容的,直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。
Delete flash:/c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm] //回车确认
Directory of flash:/
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
System Bootstrap, Version 12.3(8r)T8, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Cisco 1841 (revision 5.0) with 114688K/16384K bytes of memory.
environment variable needs to be set to a bootable
p_w_picpath.
rommon 1 > // 进不去系统了。
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Source filename []? c1841-new.bin
Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]? // 回车确认文件名称
Loading c1841-new.bin from 192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
Press RETURN to get started!
我利用ftp方式实验,备份、还原同样大小系统bin文件,需要15分钟。
那tftp和ftp到底有何区别呢?在此解释一下:
简单文件传输协议tftp是一种用来传输文件的简单协议,运行在 UDP (用户数据报协议)上。 TFTP 的被设计为小而简单容易的运行,因此,它缺乏标准 FTP 协议的许多特征。 TFTP 只能从远程服务器上读、写文件(邮件)或者读、写文件传送给远程服务器。它不能列出目录并且当前不提供用户认证。
tftp和ftp区别:
基于的传输协议不一样:FTP是基于TCP ,TFTP是基于UDP
端口号不一样:FTP是用21.20 ,TFTP是69
速度和安全方面:FTP在速度方面没有TFTP快,但是FTP安全性好。
…………………………………………
R1(config)#ip ftp password cisco
R1(config)#end
R1# write memory
R1#copy flash: ftp:
Source filename []? c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Destination filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin]? c1841-new.bin
Writing c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin...
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
最后,还原升级系统文件
Directory of flash:/
2 -rw- 28282 <no date> sigdef-category.xml
1 -rw- 227537 <no date> sigdef-default.xml
Delete filename []?c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin //没人手写这么长的内容的,直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。
Delete flash:/c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm] //回车确认
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
Source filename []? c1841-new.bin
Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]?
...
[OK - 33591768 bytes]
Press RETURN to get started!
%Error opening tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin (Timed out)
Accessing ftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin...
%Error ftp:///c1841-new.bin (No such file or directory Or Permission denied)
网络配置思科网络设备系统升级教程3
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