Linux系统扩充
软件包管理器yum
yum(全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified)是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基於RPM包管理,能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装,可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包,无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
yum的特点有:可以同时配置多个资源库(Repository); 简洁的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf);自动解决增加或删除rpm包时遇到的倚赖性问题;使用方便; 保持与RPM数据库的一致性。
我们在安装好Linux后要进行YUM源的设置,是为了方便日后对软件包的管理,解决单独安装RPM软件包时可能产生的软件包依赖关系(使用yum人仓库中安装软件包,如果还有依赖的软件包,yum工具会一并安装。
在企业中,我们会设置企业自己的YUM源(库)方便企业Linux系统(主要是红帽和红帽的Fedora)对软件包的管理,更重要的原因是保证YUM源的安全性,因为一个软件包从源头就被开了口子那我们安装了这样的软件就等于给自己身上开刀!
所以,我们要对YUM库进行必要的配置工作
1.搭建网络yum服务
挂载iso文件
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
安装ftp软件
[root@localhost ~]#cd /mnt/cdrom/Server
[root@localhost Server]# ll |grep vsftp
[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
验证ftp安装
[root@localhost Server]# service vsftpd start
[root@localhost Server]# ftp 127.0.0.1
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type
Name (127.0.0.1:root): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> pwd
257 "/"
ftp> dir
227 Entering Passive Mode (127,0,0,1,162,50)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 May 13 2009 pub
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> bye
221 Goodbye.
安装createrepo工具收集目录中rpm包文件的头信息,以创建repodata软件仓库数据
[root@localhost Server]# cd /var/ftp
[root@localhost ftp]# ll
[root@localhost ftp]# pwd
[root@localhost ftp]# mkdir rhel
[root@localhost ftp]# cd rhel
[root@localhost rhel]# pwd
[root@localhost rhel]# cp -a -r /mnt/cdrom/* ./
[root@localhost rhel]# cp -a -r /mnt/cdrom/* ./
[root@localhost rhel]# ll
[root@localhost rhel]# cd Server
[root@localhost Server]# cd /mnt/cdrom/Server
[root@localhost Server]# ll cre*
[root@localhost Server]# pwd
/mnt/cdrom/Server
[root@localhost Server]# cd /var/ftp/rhel
[root@localhost rhel]# cd Server/
[root@localhost Server]createrepo -g repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml ./
[root@localhost Server]# cd ../VT
[root@localhost VT]# createrepo -g repodata/comps-rhel5-vt.xml ./
[root@localhost VT]# cd ../Cluster
[root@localhost Cluster]# createrepo -g repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster.xml ./
[root@localhost Cluster]# cd ../ClusterStorage/
[root@localhost ClusterStorage]# createrepo -g repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster-st.xml ./
配置.repo文件(网络中的其他服务器要想使用网络yum必须配置该文件)
[root@localhost Cluster]#cd
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]#cd /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-debuginfo.repo server1
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#vim server.repo
server.repo配置文件为如下
1 [rhel-server]
2 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux server
3 baseurl=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/Server
4 enabled=1
5 gpgcheck=1
6 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
7 [rhel-vt]
8 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux vt
9 baseurl=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/VT
10 enabled=1
11 gpgcheck=1
12 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
13 [rhel-cluster]
14 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux cluster
15 baseurl=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/Cluster
16 enabled=1
17 gpgcheck=1
18 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
19 [rhel-clusterstorag]
20 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux clusterstorage
21 baseurl=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/ClusterStorage
22 enabled=1
23 gpgcheck=1
24 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
之后可执行yum -y install 服务名,就可以了。
2.创建本地yum源
挂载iso文件
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
修改系统配置文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim server1.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#sed -i 's&ftp://192.168.101.222/rhel&file:///mnt/cdrom&'server.repo
1 [rhel-server]
2 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux server
3 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server
4 enabled=1
5 gpgcheck=1
6 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
7 [rhel-vt]
8 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux vt
9 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/VT
10 enabled=1
11 gpgcheck=1
12 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
13 [rhel-cluster]
14 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux cluster
15 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Cluster
16 enabled=1
17 gpgcheck=1
18 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
19 [rhel-clusterstorag]
20 name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux clusterstorage
21 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ClusterStorage
22 enabled=1
23 gpgcheck=1
24 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
完成本地yum源配置
之后可执行yum -y install 服务名,就可以了。