CentOS7静默安装数据库oralce11gR2

一、系统版本

操作系统: CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

二、oracle软件版本

oracle版本：linux.x64_11gR2 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

三、创建用户、组

A) 创建用户和组

groupadd oinstall groupadd dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle passwd oracle

B) 创建数据库安装目录

mkdir -p /opt/oracle ##$ORACLE_BASE mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1 ##$ORACLE_HOME mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata ##存放数据库目录 mkdir /opt/oracle/inventory mkdir /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

C) 将oracle使用者加入到sudo群组中 vi /etc/sudoers 输入上面的命令后，打开sudoers文件进行编辑，找到 root ALL=(ALL) ALL

这行，并且在底下再加入以下命令： oracle ALL=(ALL) ALL

四、修改系统参数、及环境变量

1、关闭selinux vi /etc/selinux/config 修改： SELINUX=disabled

2、关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止服务|firewall systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

3、修改/etc/hosts文件 vi /etc/hosts 10.143.200.188 DATAFS

4、修改内核参数 vi /etc/sysctl.conf

修改以下内容 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 1073741824

添加以下内容 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

#sysctl -p

5、修改用户限制文件

#vi /etc/security/limits.conf 行末添加以下内容

oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240

6、关联设置 vi /etc/pam.d/login 行末添加以下内容: session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so

7、修改/etc/profile #vi /etc/profile 添加以下内容：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

source /etc/profile

8、Oralce用户修改用户环境变量

#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 在最底下加入以下内容 #For Oracle export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle; export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib export LC_ALL="en_US" export LANG="en_US" export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022

fi

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 查看命令：# env

五、安装依赖包

安装依赖包比较多，最好服务器能够访问外网，这样就简单多了，如果真的无法访问外网只能下载对应的rpm包安装了.

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh libaio.i686 glibc.i686 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 libaio-devel.i686 libgcc.i686 libstdc++.i686 unixODBC.i686 unixODBC-devel.i686

rpm包安装：#rpm -ivh * --force --nodeps

六、正式开始安装数据库

1、安装包解压命令(使用oracle用户解压 )

$unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip $unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 修改目录所属用户 chown -R oracle:oinstall database

解压完成后会生成database目录，解压后的文件中database/response下有有db_install.rsp、dbca.rsp和netca.rsp三个应答文件，分别数据库安装文件、建立数据库实例和监听配置安装文件,在下面的步骤中会用到这3个文件.

2、编辑数据库安装文件db_install.rsp vi db_install.rsp 20 oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_ 029 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #安装类型 37 ORACLE_HOSTNAME=DATAFS #主机名称 42 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #安装组 47 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory #INVENTORY目录 78 SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN #选择语言 83 ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1 #oracle_home 88 ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle #oracle_base 99 oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ##oracle版本 108 oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true 142 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba #dba用户组 147 oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba #oper用户组 160 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #数据库类型 165 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl #globalDBName 170 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl #SID 200 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=800 #自动管理内存的最小内存(M) 233 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle #设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码 385 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #设置安全更新

3、安装数据库软件(使用oracle用户) #su - oracle 进入刚才的database目录 ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /ghca/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 13773 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2047 MB Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-09-20_09-16-02PM. Please wait ...

接下来就是等待（有点长，不要着急!!!），快的话10分钟左右,慢一点可能需要30分钟左右，要看服务器配置。

安装过程中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理会，此时安装程序仍在后台进行，如果出现[FATAL]，则安装程序已经停止了。 可以在以下位置找到本次安装会话的日志。 安装失败会打印一下信息 [FATAL] [INS-32076] English cannot be removed from the selected languages list. CAUSE: An attempt was made to remove English from the selected languages list. ACTION: Select English as one of the selected product languages. A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2018-09-20_09-16-02PM/installActions2018-09-20_09-16-02PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log, you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.

查看log日志信息: cat /tmp/OraInstall2018-09-20_09-16-02PM/installActions2018-09-20_09-16-02PM.log. Oracle

正常安装日志信息: [oracle@DATAFS database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base. CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base. ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory. [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base. CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base. ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory. You can find the log of this install session at: /opt/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-09-20_09-47-28PM.log

tail -f /opt/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-09-20_09-47-28PM.log

安装成功的日志如下： The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. #!/bin/sh #Root scripts to run

/opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

4、 安装后操作，按照要求执行脚本 打开新的终端，以root身份登录，执行脚本：

#/opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh #/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/root.sh

[root@DATAFS db_1]# /opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /opt/oracle/inventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /opt/oracle/inventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@DATAFS db_1]# /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/root.sh Check /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/install/root_DATAFS_2018-09-20_22-36-50.log for the output of root script

完成后，返回原来的终端按下回车键,等待程序安装完成.

七、监听器配置

执行命令 ： netca /silent /responseFile /ghca/database/response/netca.rsp ###----此处必须写绝对路径 [oracle@DATAFS response]$ netca /silent /responseFile /ghca/database/response/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments: Parameter "silent" = true Parameter "responsefile" = /ghca/database/response/netca.rsp Done parsing command line arguments. Oracle Net Services Configuration: Configuring Listener:LISTENER Listener configuration complete. Oracle Net Listener Startup: Running Listener Control: /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER Listener Control complete. Listener started successfully. Profile configuration complete. Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

查看端口是否占用： [root@DATAFS ~]# ss -tnl|grep 1521 LISTEN 0 128 :::1521 :::*
[root@DATAFS ~]#

查看监听状态：

[oracle@DATAFS response]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2018 12:22:08

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DATAFS)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER

Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 21-SEP-2018 12:20:29 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 41 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/DATAFS/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DATAFS)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully

八、安装数据库实例

1 修改/ghca/database/response/dbca.rsp响应文件中的重要参数

本次安装过程中设置了下列参数：(注意下面参数视情况而定，不要照抄，原文件都有说明的) RESPONSEFILE_VERSION ="11.2.0" #不能更改

OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"

GDBNAME ="orcl" #数据库的名字

SID ="ORCL" ##对应的实例名字

TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc" ##建库用的模板文件

SYSPASSWORD ="oracle" ##SYS管理员密码

SYSTEMPASSWORD ="oracle" ##SYSTEM管理员密码

SYSMANPASSWORD= "oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD= "oracle"

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/opt/oracle/oradata ##数据文件存放目录

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area ##恢复数据存放目录

CHARACTERSET ="ZHS16GBK" ##字符集，重要!!!建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。

TOTALMEMORY ="1638" #1638MB，物理内存2G*80%。

2、 开始安装数据库实例 dbca -silent -responseFile /ghca/database/response/response/dbca.rsp [oracle@DATAFS response]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /ghca/database/response/dbca.rsp Copying database files 1% complete 3% complete 11% complete 18% complete 26% complete 37% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 40% complete 45% complete 50% complete 55% complete 56% complete 60% complete 62% complete Completing Database Creation 66% complete 70% complete 73% complete 85% complete 96% complete 100% complete Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

到此数据库实例安装就完成了.

九、监听配置报错

配置监听时，没有使用netca.rsp相应的文件的绝对路径 [oracle@DATAFS response]$ netca /silent /responseFile netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments: Parameter "silent" = true Parameter "responsefile" = ./netca.rsp Oracle Net Configuration Assistant could not find the Response File at the given location. Oracle Net Services configuration failed. The exit code is 1

十、数据库启停

登录数据库 sqlplus / as sysdba **启动：**SQL> startup **停止：**SQL> shutdown immediate;

十一、创建表空间以及用户、权限等

1、管理员用户创建表空间保存数据 create tablespace IDR_TS datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/IDR_TS01.dbf' size 1024m;

2、创建用户数据操作用户

create user operator identified by "123456" default tablespace operator temporary tablespace TEMP profile DEFAULT
quota unlimited on IDR_TS;

以下权限是可选的，根据自己需要给用户赋权 grant connect to operator; grant dba to operator; grant javasyspriv to operator; -- Grant/Revoke system privileges grant create any sequence to operator; grant create any table to operator; grant create any view to operator; grant unlimited tablespace to operator; -- Grant/Revoke role privileges grant connect to operator; grant dba to operator; grant exp_full_database to operator; grant imp_full_database to operator; grant javasyspriv to operator; grant resource to operator; -- Grant/Revoke system privileges grant create any sequence to operator; grant alter any table to operator; grant alter any trigger to operator; grant alter session to operator; grant alter system to operator; grant alter tablespace to operator; grant alter user to operator; grant analyze any to operator; grant create any procedure to operator; grant create any synonym to operator; grant create any table to operator; grant create any trigger to operator; grant create cluster to operator; grant create database link to operator; grant create procedure to operator; grant create public synonym to operator; grant create role to operator; grant create sequence to operator; grant create session to operator; grant create synonym to operator; grant create table to operator; grant create any view to operator; grant delete any table to operator; grant drop any index to operator; grant drop any synonym to operator; grant drop any table to operator; grant drop any trigger to operator; grant drop public synonym to operator; grant execute any procedure to operator; grant insert any table to operator; grant lock any table to operator; grant select any table to operator; grant unlimited tablespace to operator; grant update any table to operator; 到此就可以使用operator登录进行数据操作了.数据库完整的安装就结束了.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< installation is complete >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>