说明：生产环境中，需要对数据库定时进行备份，通常对从库配置备份。
备份的方式有：
- 直接复制mysql文件
- mysqldump
- xtrabackup等工具
配置备份脚本(mysqldump)
$ mkdir /home/mysql-bak -p
$ vim /home/mysql-bak/backup.sh
减配版
#!/bin/bash
# 用户需要配置的部分
MYBACKUPDIR="/home/mysql-bak"
MYUSER="test"
MYPASS="test"
MYHOST="localhost"
MYPORT="3306"
MYDBNAME="test"
MYCHARSET="utf8"
MYLOGIN="mysql -h$MYHOST -P$MYPORT -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS"
#MYDUMP="mysqldump -h$MYHOST -P$MYPORT -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS -B"
MYDUMP="mysqldump -h$MYHOST -P$MYPORT -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS --default-character-set=$MYCHARSET -B"
DATABASE="$($MYLOGIN -e "show databases;"|egrep -vi "Data|_schema|mysql")"
# 备份指定库
MYDIR=$MYBACKUPDIR/$MYDBNAME
[ ! -d $MYDIR ] && mkdir -p $MYDIR
$MYDUMP $MYDBNAME|gzip >$MYDIR/${MYDBNAME}_$(date +%F).sql.gz
# 备份全库全表
#for dbname in $DATABASE
# do
# MYDIR=$MYBACKUPDIR/$dbname
# [ ! -d $MYDIR ] && mkdir -p $MYDIR
# $MYDUMP $dbname|gzip >$MYDIR/${dbname}_$(date +%F).sql.gz
#done高级版
#!/bin/bash
# 以下配置信息请自己修改
mysql_user="USER" #MySQL备份用户
mysql_password="PASSWORD" #MySQL备份用户的密码
mysql_host="localhost"
mysql_port="3306"
mysql_charset="utf8" #MySQL编码
backup_db_arr=("test") #要备份的数据库名称，多个用空格分开隔开 如("db1" "db2" "db3")
backup_location=/home/mysql-bak #备份数据存放位置，末尾请不要带"/",此项可以保持默认，程序会自动创建文件夹
expire_backup_delete="ON" #是否开启过期备份删除 ON为开启 OFF为关闭
expire_days=3 #过期时间天数 默认为三天，此项只有在expire_backup_delete开启时有效
# 本行开始以下不需要修改
backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` #定义备份详细时间
backup_Ymd=`date +%Y-%m-%d` #定义备份目录中的年月日时间
backup_3ago=`date -d '3 days ago' +%Y-%m-%d` #3天之前的日期
backup_dir=$backup_location/$backup_Ymd #备份文件夹全路径
welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" #欢迎语
# 判断MYSQL是否启动,mysql没有启动则备份退出
mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l`
mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l`
if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then
echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!"
exit
else
echo $welcome_msg
fi
# 连接到mysql数据库，无法连接则备份退出
mysql -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password <$backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz`
flag=`echo $?`
if [ $flag == "0" ];then
echo "database $dbname success backup to $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz"
else
echo "database $dbname backup fail!"
fi
done
else
echo "ERROR:No database to backup! backup stop"
exit
fi
# 如果开启了删除过期备份，则进行删除操作
if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a "$backup_location" != "" ];then
#`find $backup_location/ -type d -o -type f -ctime +$expire_days -exec rm -rf {} \;`
`find $backup_location/ -type d -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf`
echo "Expired backup data delete complete!"
fi
echo "All database backup success! Thank you!"
exit
fi$ chmod 777 /home/mysql-bak/backup.sh
设置定时任务
查看当前用户是否已经设置了定时执行任务
$ crontab -l
开始编写定时执行任务
$ crontab -e
将脚本的定时任务设置为每天凌晨5点执行（有可执行权限）
# m h dom mon dow command
0 5 * * * /bin/bash /home/mysql-bak/backup.sh
