原文
http://blog.csdn.net/zqtsx/article/details/40894181
摘取天上星(整理)
安装前的准备:
redis-3.0tar.gz 官网下载地址 http://redis.io/download/
以下软件或直接yum安装也可(安装步骤略)
tcl8.6.1-src.tar.gz 官网下载地址 http://sourceforge.jp/projects/sfnet_tcl/releases/
rubygems-2.4.2.zip 官网下载地址 http://rubygems.org/pages/download/
redis-3.0.0.gem 官网下载地址 http://rubygems.org/gems/redis/versions/3.1.0
安装redis依赖包tcl
tar xzvf tcl8.6.1-src.tar.gz
cd tcl8.6.1/
cd unix &&
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-tzdata \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
$([ $(uname -m) = x86_64 ] && echo --enable-64bit) &&
make &&
sed -e "s@^TCLSRCDIR=′.*@\1/usr/include'@" \
-e "/TCL_B/s@='L\?.*unix@='\1/usr/lib@" \
-i tclConfig.sh
# 测试make是否成功,最好不要,要等半个多小时
make test
# root用户登录,执行下面命令
make install &&
make install-private-headers &&
ln -v -sf tclsh8.6 /usr/bin/tclsh &&
chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libtcl8.6.so
如果没有tcl,将会报错如下:
[root@localhost redis-3.0.0-beta8]# make test
cd src && make test
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/redis-3.0.0-beta8/src'
You need tcl 8.5 or newer in order to run the Redis test
make[1]: *** [test] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/redis-3.0.0-beta8/src'
make: *** [test] Error 2
[root@localhost redis-3.0.0-beta8]#
安装redis前需要先配置下面的内核参数,否则Redis脚本在重启或停止redis时,将会报错,并且不能自动在停止服务前同步数据到磁盘上
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
echo vm.overcommit_memory=1 >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1
实验环境模拟:
192.168.1.222 三个实例
192.168.1.223 三个实例
注意,由于官网,必须至少6台服务器,所以鄙人笔记本过卡,直接用两台vm来虚拟,我用不同端口号来区分不同的redis实例即可。因为启动redis时只需要指定“该redis实例的配置文件”即可。在现实当中,如果有六台物理机,那样会更加简单部署,不会像我这么复杂,不过也不复杂,就是多copy一下配置文件而已。
redis安装
redis-3.0tar.gz 官网下载地址 http://redis.io/download/
安装过程指令如下:
$ mkdir /usr/local/redis
$ cd /home/Happy/down
$ wget https://github.com/antirez/redis/archive/3.0.0-rc1.tar.gz (或直接从官网下载即可)
$ tar xzf redis-3.0.tar.gz
$ cd redis-3.0
$ make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install #安装redis到指定目录中
注意上面的最后一行,我们通过PREFIX指定了安装的目录。如果make失败,一般是你们系统中还未安装gcc,那么可以通过yum安装: 1 yum install gcc
安装完成后,继续执行make.
在安装redis成功后,你将可以在/usr/local/redis看到一个bin的目录,里面包括了以下文件:
redis-benchmark redis-check-aof redis-check-dump redis-cli redis-server
将redis做成一个服务
1.复制脚本到/etc/rc.d/init.d目录
ps: /etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下的脚本就类似与windows中的注册表,在系统启动的时候某些指定脚本将被执行
按以上步骤安装Redis时,其服务脚本位于:
/usr/local/src/redis/utils/redis_init_script
必须将其复制到/etc/rc.d/init.d的目录下:
cp /usr/local/src/redis/utils/redis_init_script /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis
将redis_init_script复制到/etc/rc.d/init.d/,同时重新命名为redis。
如果这时添加注册服务:
chkconfig --add redis
将报以下错误:
redis服务不支持chkconfig
为此,我们需要更改redis脚本。
2.更改redis脚本
打开使用vi打开脚本,查看脚本信息: 1 vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis
看到的内容如下(下内容是更改好的信息):
#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig: 2345 80 90
# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems
# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.
REDISPORT=6379
EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid
CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf"
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
else
echo "Starting Redis server..."
$EXEC $CONF &
fi
;;
stop)
if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
else
PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
echo "Stopping ..."
$CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown
while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
do
echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
sleep 1
done
echo "Redis stopped"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"
;;
esac
和原配置文件相比:
1.原文件是没有以下第2行的内容的,1 #chkconfig: 2345 80 90
2.原文件EXEC、CLIEXEC参数,也是有所更改。
EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli
3.redis开启的命令,以后台运行的方式执行。1 $EXEC $CONF &
ps:注意后面的那个“&”,即是将服务转到后面运行的意思,否则启动服务时,Redis服务将占据在前台,占用了主用户界面,造成其它的命令执行不了。
4.将redis配置文件拷贝到/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf
mkdir /etc/redis
cp /usr/local/src/redis/redis.conf /etc/redis/6379.conf
这样,redis服务脚本指定的CONF就存在了。默认情况下,Redis未启用认证,可以通过开启6379.conf的requirepass 指定一个验证密码。
以上操作完成后,即可注册redis服务:
设置redis 启动权限,并且开启自动启动模式
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/redis
chkconfig --add redis
chkconfig --level 345 redis on
chkconfig --list redis
启动redis
redis-server /etc/redis.conf
或者,可以用下面这条
service redis start
将Redis的命令所在目录添加到系统参数PATH中
修改profile文件:
vi /etc/profile
在最后行追加:
export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/redis/bin"
然后马上应用这个文件:
/etc/profile
这样就可以直接调用redis-cli的命令了,如下所示:
$ redis-cli
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> auth superman
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>
至此,redis 就成功安装了。
编辑配置文件并开始集群设置的准备,修改下面几个参数
vim /etc/redis/6379.conf (编辑A的配置)
daemonize yes 修改no为yes,后台运行redis
port 6379
#dbfilename dump-6379.rdb
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly-6379.aof"
logfile "/usr/local/redis/redis6379.log" 日志
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file /usr/local/redis/nodes-6379.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
然后分别将刚才配置好的redis.conf文件 拷贝三份出来并设置里面如下参数的值分别为不同端口:
cp /etc/redis/6379.conf /etc/redis/6380.conf (B的配置)
cp /etc/redis/6379.conf /etc/redis/6381.conf (C的配置)
vim /etc/redis/6380.conf (编辑B的配置)
daemonize yes 修改no为yes,后台运行redis
port 6380
#dbfilename dump-6380.rdb
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly-6380.aof"
logfile "/usr/local/redis/redis6380.log" 日志
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file /usr/local/redis/nodes-6380.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
vim /etc/redis/6381.conf (编辑C的配置)
daemonize yes 修改no为yes,后台运行redis
port 6381
#dbfilename dump-6381.rdb
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly-6381.aof"
logfile "/usr/local/redis/redis6381.log" 日志
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file /usr/local/redis/nodes-6381.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
为什么要设置不同的端口呢?
因为,我们要在一台vm里面,虚拟三个实例
port 端口不一样,这个是肯定要的,不然服务都在同一个端口运行,就只能说是一个实例而已
appendonly 这个是说在后台运行,不要一关闭ssh,redis就挂了所以设置成yes为后台运行redis
appendfilename 这个默认就是appendonly.aof,如果我们不在后面加一个后缀区分,那么所有服务,他们的快照都会存放到在同一个文件 appendonly.aof,那边就会数据紊乱,A,B,C,三者数据都一样,所以,我们要区分出来,让他们一个实例,一个文件。这里还有一个主意的地方,那就是 它,不支持路径指定,你不能在 appendonly.aof 加一个 例如/usr/local/redis/appendonly.aof,否则会报错,启动不了,查看日志,报错如下
[root@localhost opt]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis6379.log
*** FATAL CONFIG FILE ERROR ***
Reading the configuration file, at line 177
>>> 'dbfilename /usr/local/redis/bin/dump-6379.rdb'
dbfilename can't be a path, just a filename
编辑三个实例配置文件,把端口,对应改成非重叠的,为了更好的区分,我就按照
192.168.1.222 “实例A 6379” “实例B 6380” “实例C 6381”
192.168.1.223 “实例D 6382” “实例E 6383” “实例F 6384”
port appendfilename cluster-config-file 注意根据不同实例,修改成不同的值
例如,实例B的配置文件主要是
daemonize yes 修改no为yes,后台运行redis
port 6380
#dbfilename dump-6380.rdb
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly-6380.aof"
logfile "/usr/local/redis/redis6380.log" 日志
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file /usr/local/redis/nodes-6380.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
再例如,实例E的配置文件主要变化是
daemonize yes 修改no为yes,后台运行redis
port 6383
#dbfilename dump-6383.rdb
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly-6383.aof"
logfile "/usr/local/redis/redis6383.log" 日志
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file /usr/local/redis/nodes-6383.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
启动redis服务
redis-server /etc/redis/6379.conf > /usr/local/redis/redis6379.log 2>&1 &
redis-server /etc/redis/6380.conf > /usr/local/redis/redis6380.log 2>&1 &
redis-server /etc/redis/6381.conf > /usr/local/redis/redis6381.log 2>&1 &
注意,为了方便查看错误信息,我把它日志,重定向到 对应的实例名字,存放在/usr/local/redis/下面
一切如果正常的话,你随便找一个 redis6379.log redis6380.log redis6381.log
例如,我找一个 6380的日志
[root@localhost ]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis6380.log
6115:M 31 Aug 12:34:28.904 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).
6115:M 31 Aug 12:34:28.906 * No cluster configuration found, I'm 92999f9840418a848f7b10c5bca0119e3b515fa4
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.0 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in cluster mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6380
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 6115
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io ;
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
6115:M 31 Aug 12:34:28.924 # Server started, Redis version 3.0
6115:M 31 Aug 12:34:28.924 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6380
说明一切准备就绪,都能正常运作,就差集群了,为了更加放心,看一下是否三个实例都在正常运行
[root@localhost ]# ps aux |grep redis
root 6109 0.6 0.9 137408 9740 pts/1 Sl 12:33 0:52 redis-server *:6379
root 6115 0.6 0.9 137408 9912 pts/2 Sl 12:34 0:51 redis-server *:6380
root 6123 0.6 0.7 137408 7876 pts/2 Sl 12:35 0:50 redis-server *:6381
root 6235 0.0 0.0 103240 840 pts/2 S+ 14:47 0:00 grep redis
[root@localhost]#
以上,所有步骤,在192.168.1.223,同样的做法,注意变化的就是 redis 端口的改变,以及对于配置文件名的变化(例如6382.conf,6383.conf,6384.conf等)。
那么,开始集群吧,集群之前,先表示怀疑一下[请注意,只需要在其中一台服务器操作下面内容
[root@localhost ~]# cd redis-3.0.0-beta8
[root@localhost redis-3.0.0-beta8]# cd src/
[root@localhost src]# ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.1.222:6379 192.168.1.222:6780 192.168.1.222:6381 192.168.1.223:6382 192.168.1.223:6383 192.168.1.223:6384
/usr/bin/env: ruby: No such file or directory
[root@localhost src]#
你会发现,他马上报错,报错信息如下:/usr/bin/env: ruby: No such file or directory
就是说,没有ruby,
因为
redis-trib位于Redis源码的src文件夹中, 它是一个Ruby程序, 这个程序通过向实例发送特殊命令来完成创建新集 群, 检查集群, 或者对集群进行重新分片(reshared)等工作。
既然没有ruby,那我们就yum安装一个吧
yum -y install ruby ruby-rdoc
好,装好了,继续来集群
[root@localhost src]# ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.1.222:6379 192.168.1.222:6780
192.168.1.222:6381 192.168.1.223:6382 192.168.1.223:6383 192.168.1.223:6384
./redis-trib.rb:24:in `require': no such file to load -- rubygems (LoadError)
from ./redis-trib.rb:24
[root@localhost src]#
你会发现,又有问题了,这是什么问题啊,不过看了一下,后面提示rubygems (LoadError) ,嘿嘿,应该就是gem没有上去,那么装一个咯
gem下载地址,上面有 http://rubygems.org/pages/download/ 有TGZ ZIP GEM GIT, 我这里下载的是zip的包
安装rubygems
unzip rubygems-2.4.2.zip
cd rubygems-2.4.2
ruby setup.rb
刷刷刷一大堆东西出来,不过,细心的朋友,你会发现,下面有一处非常重要的 代码
[root@localhost rubygems-2.4.2]# ruby setup.rb
为了方便操作rubygem,我们把它拷贝到系统环境变量当中,方便调用cp bin/gem /usr/local/bin/
接下来,安装 redis 的api 接口,这就是为什么上面要装rubygem的道理了gem install -l redis-3.0.0.gem
redis-3.0.0.gem 上面讲到,可以到 官网 http://rubygems.org/gems/redis/versions/3.1.0 ; 下载
一切就绪,现在再一次,来执行集群看看还有没有报错的信息
[root@localhost src]# ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.1.222:6379 192.168.1.222:6380 192.168.1.222:6381 192.168.1.223:6382 192.168.1.223:6383 192.168.1.223:6384
>>> Creating cluster
Connecting to node 192.168.1.222:6379: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.222:6380: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.222:6381: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.223:6382: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.223:6383: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.223:6384: OK
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Using 3 masters:
192.168.1.223:6382
192.168.1.222:6379
192.168.1.223:6383
Adding replica 192.168.1.222:6380 to 192.168.1.223:6382
Adding replica 192.168.1.223:6384 to 192.168.1.222:6379
Adding replica 192.168.1.222:6381 to 192.168.1.223:6383
M: faa2fab465017c9be2475d0cbd9ffb7b8e8267e6 192.168.1.222:6379
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
S: 92999f9840418a848f7b10c5bca0119e3b515fa4 192.168.1.222:6380
replicates c13fbd7fadda1e46b133b8f87248414d9a7a0fcc
S: 5d44e7e3bf2c19fcdcc1548feef42d5d9665da0b 192.168.1.222:6381
replicates 7d674df0ab68be0b4c6a461b0c1484b02eeb12c5
M: c13fbd7fadda1e46b133b8f87248414d9a7a0fcc 192.168.1.223:6382
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: 7d674df0ab68be0b4c6a461b0c1484b02eeb12c5 192.168.1.223:6383
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
S: c4b565e9236effee3957c6f03b533dced729e39b 192.168.1.223:6384
replicates faa2fab465017c9be2475d0cbd9ffb7b8e8267e6
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join...
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.1.222:6379)
M: faa2fab465017c9be2475d0cbd9ffb7b8e8267e6 192.168.1.222:6379
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: 92999f9840418a848f7b10c5bca0119e3b515fa4 192.168.1.222:6380
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates c13fbd7fadda1e46b133b8f87248414d9a7a0fcc
M: 5d44e7e3bf2c19fcdcc1548feef42d5d9665da0b 192.168.1.222:6381
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates 7d674df0ab68be0b4c6a461b0c1484b02eeb12c5
M: c13fbd7fadda1e46b133b8f87248414d9a7a0fcc 192.168.1.223:6382
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: 7d674df0ab68be0b4c6a461b0c1484b02eeb12c5 192.168.1.223:6383
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
M: c4b565e9236effee3957c6f03b533dced729e39b 192.168.1.223:6384
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates faa2fab465017c9be2475d0cbd9ffb7b8e8267e6
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
[root@localhost src]#
一切OK。
如果不相信,可以来测试一下集群
[root@localhost src]# ./redis-trib.rb check 192.168.1.223:6384
Connecting to node 192.168.1.223:6384: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.222:6380: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.222:6379: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.222:6381: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.223:6383: OK
Connecting to node 192.168.1.223:6382: OK
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.1.223:6384)
S: c4b565e9236effee3957c6f03b533dced729e39b 192.168.1.223:6384
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates faa2fab465017c9be2475d0cbd9ffb7b8e8267e6
S: 92999f9840418a848f7b10c5bca0119e3b515fa4 192.168.1.222:6380
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates c13fbd7fadda1e46b133b8f87248414d9a7a0fcc
M: faa2fab465017c9be2475d0cbd9ffb7b8e8267e6 192.168.1.222:6379
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 5d44e7e3bf2c19fcdcc1548feef42d5d9665da0b 192.168.1.222:6381
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 7d674df0ab68be0b4c6a461b0c1484b02eeb12c5 192.168.1.223:6383
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 5d44e7e3bf2c19fcdcc1548feef42d5d9665da0b
M: c13fbd7fadda1e46b133b8f87248414d9a7a0fcc 192.168.1.223:6382
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
[root@localhost src]#
注意哦,我是直接在192.168.1.222,测试到192.168.1.223当中的6384这个实例了
从上面,我们也不难看出
redis_master 是
192.168.1.222:6379
192.168.1.222:6381
192.168.1.223:6382
redis_salve 是
192.168.1.223:6384
192.168.1.222:6380
192.168.1.223:6383
实验结果
任何一个实例,都能写入,查询,不存在主备关系,redis会自动通过内部算法,选举,不需要你去关心
做一个集群小测试
在 192.168.1.222 ,连接 192.168.1.223 的实例D 6382 ,写入数据 zqtsx
[root@localhost src]# redis-cli -h 192.168.1.223 -p 6382 -c
192.168.1.223:6382> set zqtsx mynameiszqtsx
-> Redirected to slot [11570] located at 192.168.1.223:6383
OK
Redis会自己重定向到 6383 ,也就是 E 当中,换句话说,6382和6382是主备关系,其中6383是6382的 salver 服务器
好,那我们来 192.168.1.223 里面的 6484,也就是 F当中读取 zqtsx的值
[root@localhost opt]# redis-cli -h 192.168.1.223 -p 6384 -c
192.168.1.223:6384> get zqtsx
-> Redirected to slot [11570] located at 192.168.1.223:6383
"mynameiszqtsx"
读取到了,它 会自动映射到 6383 去读取
现在疑问来了,我就把6383干掉,看看是什么样的情况
[root@localhost ]# ps aux |grep redis
root 28922 0.2 0.9 137408 9752 pts/2 Sl 03:30 0:06 redis-server *:6382 [cluster]
root 28928 0.2 0.9 137408 9596 pts/2 Sl 03:31 0:06 redis-server *:6383 [cluster]
root 28932 0.2 0.7 137408 7884 pts/2 Sl 03:32 0:05 redis-server *:6384 [cluster]
root 28973 0.0 0.0 103232 876 pts/2 S+ 04:18 0:00 grep redis
[root@localhost opt]# kill -9 28928
[root@localhost opt]# ps aux |grep redis
root 28922 0.2 0.9 137408 9752 pts/2 Sl 03:30 0:06 redis-server *:6382 [cluster]
root 28932 0.2 0.7 137408 7884 pts/2 Sl 03:32 0:05 redis-server *:6384 [cluster]
root 28975 0.0 0.0 103232 876 pts/2 S+ 04:19 0:00 grep redis
[2]- Killed redis-server /etc/redis/6383.conf > /usr/local/redis/redis6383.log 2>&1
很明显,6383已经被干掉了
[root@localhost src]# redis-cli -h 192.168.1.223 -p 6383 -c
Could not connect to Redis at 192.168.1.223:6383: Connection refused
not connected> get zqtsx
Could not connect to Redis at 192.168.1.223:6383: Connection refused
not connected>
[root@localhost src]# redis-cli -h 192.168.1.223 -p 6384 -c
192.168.1.223:6384> get zqtsx
-> Redirected to slot [11570] located at 192.168.1.222:6381
"mynameiszqtsx"
192.168.1.222:6381>
虽然,在6383,建立不了链接,但是不影响我数据的读取,在6381一样可以获取到zqtsx的key值
phpredis扩展安装
phpredis下载地址:https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis
unzip phpredis-master.zip
cd phpredis-master
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
加入 extension=redis.so
apache下重启httpd或apache,NGINX下重启php-fpm即可