bash脚本编程:
if语句、bash -n、bash -x
CONDITION:
bash命令:
用命令的执行状态结果;
成功:true
失败:flase
成功或失败的意义:取决于用到的命令;
单分支:
if CONDITION; then
if-true
fi
双分支:
if CONDITION; then
if-true
else
if-false
fi
多分支:
if CONDITION1; then
if-true
elif CONDITION2; then
if-ture
elif CONDITION3; then
if-ture
...
esle
all-false
fi
逐条件进行判断,第一次遇为“真”条件时,执行其分支,而后结束;
示例:用户键入文件路径,脚本来判断文件类型;
#!/bin/bash # read -p "Enter a file path: " filename if [ -z "$filename" ]; then echo "Usage: Enter a file path." exit 2 fi if [ ! -e $filename ]; then echo "No such file." exit 3 fi if [ -f $filename ]; then echo "A common file." elif [ -d $filename ]; then echo "A directory." elif [ -L $filename ]; then echo "A symbolic file." else echo "Other type." fi
注意:if语句可嵌套;
循环:for, while, until
循环体:要执行的代码;可能要执行n遍;
进入条件:
退出条件:
for循环:
for 变量名 in 列表; do
循环体
done
执行机制:
依次将列表中的元素赋值给“变量名”; 每次赋值后即执行一次循环体; 直到列表中的元素耗尽,循环结束;
示例:添加10个用户, user1-user10;密码同用户名;
#!/bin/bash # if [ ! $UID -eq 0 ]; then echo "Only root." exit 1 fi for i in {1..10}; do if id user$i &> /dev/null; then echo "user$i exists." else useradd user$i if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "user$i" | passwd --stdin user$i &> /dev/null echo "Add user$i finished." fi fi done
列表生成方式:
(1) 直接给出列表;
(2) 整数列表:
(a) {start..end}
(b) $(seq [start [step]] end)
(3) 返回列表的命令;
$(COMMAND)
(4) glob
(b) 变量引用;
$@, $*
示例:判断某路径下所有文件的类型
#!/bin/bash # for file in $(ls /var); do if [ -f /var/$file ]; then echo "Common file." elif [ -L /var/$file ]; then echo "Symbolic file." elif [ -d /var/$file ]; then echo "Directory." else echo "Other type." fi done
示例:
#!/bin/bash # declare -i estab=0 declare -i listen=0 declare -i other=0 for state in $( netstat -tan | grep "^tcp\>" | awk '{print $NF}'); do if [ "$state" == 'ESTABLISHED' ]; then let estab++ elif [ "$state" == 'LISTEN' ]; then let listen++ else let other++ fi done echo "ESTABLISHED: $estab" echo "LISTEN: $listen" echo "Unkown: $other"