[oracle@localhost dbs]$ pwd
/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
hc_TEST.dat  initdw.ora  init.ora  lkTEST  orapwTEST  spfileTEST.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ rm -fr spfileTEST.ora


SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.


SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initTEST.ora'

cd  /oracle/app/admin/TEST/bdump

[oracle@localhost bdump]$ ls
alert_TEST.log      test_lgwr_24728.trc  test_lgwr_9057.trc
test_cjq0_9065.trc  test_lgwr_8984.trc
vim alert_TEST.log
将oracle启动时加载的参数复制下来

 processes                = 150
  sga_target               = 285212672
  control_files            = /oracle/app/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl, /oracle/app/oradata/TEST/control02.ctl, /oracle/app/oradata/TEST/control03.ctl
  db_block_size            = 8192
  compatible               = 10.2.0.1.0
  db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
  db_recovery_file_dest    = /oracle/app/flash_recovery_area
  db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648
  undo_management          = AUTO
  undo_tablespace          = UNDOTBS1
  remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
  db_domain                =
  dispatchers              = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=TESTXDB)
  job_queue_processes      = 10
  background_dump_dest     = /oracle/app/admin/TEST/bdump
  user_dump_dest           = /oracle/app/admin/TEST/udump
  core_dump_dest           = /oracle/app/admin/TEST/cdump
  audit_file_dest          = /oracle/app/admin/TEST/adump
  db_name                  = TEST
  open_cursors             = 300
  pga_aggregate_target     = 94371840


cd  /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
vim initTEST.ora （手动创建pfile文件）
把那么参数粘贴进去，保存退出，再启动数据库
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00116: syntax error at 'dispatchers' following '='

vim initTEST.ora
删掉这两行
 db_domain                =
  dispatchers              = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=TESTXDB)

再启动数据库
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218992 bytes
Variable Size              92276304 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.


还可以生成spfile 文件
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initTEST.ora'

查看
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ pwd
/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
1            initdw.ora  initTEST.ora  orapwTEST
hc_TEST.dat  init.ora    lkTEST        spfileTEST.ora