1，获取mariadb镜像地址

root@debian1:~/nginx# docker search mariadb
NAME                                 DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mariadb                              MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   1417      [OK]
bitnami/mariadb                      Bitnami MariaDB Docker Image                    39                   [OK]


2，拉去maridb的最新镜像

root@debian1:~/nginx# docker pull  mariadb
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mariadb

3：启动，mariadb镜像 

root@debian1:~/nginx# docker run  --privileged  -d -e TIMEZONE=Asis/Shanghai -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=hanye131 -e SERVER_ID=1 -v $PWD/mysql_db:/var/lib/mysql  -p 3306:3306  mariadb
255650e5e83d27402b1df338c09c0639b1512e73ef27cd31e1f2c90509dc104c
root@debian1:~/nginx# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE         COMMAND  CREATED      STATUS           PORTS               NAMES
255650e5e83d        mariadb      "docker-entrypoint..."   3 seconds ago       Up 1 second       0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   festive_ride

4，查看启动占用的端口

root@debian1:~/nginx# netstat  -tunl|grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN


5，链接docker的mysql
 

root@debian1:~/nginx# mysql -uroot -phanye131 -h127.0.0.1
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.5-10.2.6-MariaDB-10.2.6+maria~jessie mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

6，错误解决方案
    如果提示无法链接找到sock文件，你需要链接到docker的mariadb容器之内来授权链接
  6.1，链接到docker mariadb之内
          获取mariadb的CONTAINER ID
           
      

root@debian1:~/nginx# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                   PORTS                    NAMES
255650e5e83d       mariadb       "docker-entrypoint..."   10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes            0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   festive_ride
360baf71efb0     a3ae0b27ec04    "/run.sh bash"           3 hours ago         Exited (2) 3 hours ago                            nginx


我这里的mariadb的镜像的CONTAINER ID是 255650e5e83d 

   6.2，登录mariadb之内
         

root@debian1:~/nginx# docker exec -it 255650e5e83d bash
root@255650e5e83d:/#

  6.3，授权mysql的root用户的链接权限（其通用户同样设置）

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'hanye131';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

7，再次链接mysql即可