Linux下获取详细硬件信息的工具:Dmidecode命令详解

Dmidecode 这款软件允许你在 Linux 系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。Dmidecode 遵循 SMBIOS/DMI 标准,其输出的信息包括 BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。偶发现这个工具很有用,就总结一下。

一、DMI简介:

  DMI (Desktop Management Interface, DMI)就是帮助收集电脑系统信息的管理系统,DMI信息的收集必须在严格遵照SMBIOS规范的前提下进行。 SMBIOS(System Management BIOS)是主板或系统制造者以标准格式显示产品管理信息所需遵循的统一规范。SMBIOS和DMI是由行业指导机构Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF)起草的开放性的技术标准,其中DMI设计适用于任何的平台和操作系统。

  DMI充当了管理工具和系统层之间接口的角色。它建立了标准的可管理系统更加方便了电脑厂商和用户对系统的了解。DMI的主要组成部分是Management Information Format (MIF)数据库。这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。通过DMI,用户可以获取序列号、电脑厂商、串口信息以及其它系统配件信息。

dmidecode的输出格式一般如下: —————————————- Handle 0×0002 DMI type 2, 8 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer:Intel Product Name: C440GX+ Version: 727281-0001 Serial Number: INCY92700942 —————————————- 其中的前三行都称为记录头(recoce Header), 其中包括了:

1、recode id(handle): DMI表中的记录标识符,这是唯一的,比如上例中的Handle 0×0002。 2、dmi type id: 记录的类型,譬如说:BIOS,Memory,上例是type 2,即”Base Board Information” 3、recode size: DMI表中对应记录的大小,上例为8 bytes.(不包括文本信息,所有实际输出的内容比这个size要更大。) 记录头之后就是记录的值: 4、decoded values: 记录值可以是多行的,比如上例显示了主板的制造商(manufacturer)、model、version以及serial Number。

二、Dmidecode的作用:

dmidecode的作用是将DMI数据库中的信息解码,以可读的文本方式显示。由于DMI信息可以人为修改,因此里面的信息不一定是系统准确的信息。

三、安装Dmidecode:

Dmidecode 在主流的 Linux 发行版中都可以找到,只需通过所用发行版的包管理器安装即可,如:

apt-get install dmidecode

Debian/Ubuntu

yum install dmidecode

RHEL/CentOS/Fedora

pacman -S dmidecode

Arch Linux

emerge -av dmidecode

Gentoo

或者使用官方源码包安装: Dmidecode源码包下载地址:http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/dmidecode/ Win版本下载地址:http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/dmidecode.htm

四、dmidecode命令用法详解:

不带选项执行 dmidecode 通常会输出所有的硬件信息。

Dmidecode 有个很有用的选项 -t,可以按指定类型输出相关信息,假如要获得处理器方面的信息,则可以执行 dmidecode -t processor 输出:

dmidecode 2.10

SMBIOS 2.6 present.

Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 40 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: CPU 1 Type: Central Processor Family: Xeon Manufacturer: Intel ID: A5 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 26, Stepping 5 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension)

Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS] Options are: -d, --dev-mem FILE Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem) #从设备文件读信息,输出内容与不加参数标准输出相同 -h, --help Display this help text and exit #显示帮助信息 -q, --quiet Less verbose output #显示更少的简化信息 -s, --string KEYWORD Only display the value of the given DMI string #只显示指定DMI字符串的信息 -t, --type TYPE Only display the entries of given type #只显示指定条目的信息 -u, --dump Do not decode the entries #显示未解码的原始条目内容 --dump-bin FILE Dump the DMI data to a binary file --from-dump FILE Read the DMI data from a binary file -V, --version Display the version and exit #显示版本信息

五、dmidecode参数string及type列表

(1)Valid string keywords are: bios-vendor bios-version bios-release-date system-manufacturer system-product-name system-version system-serial-number system-uuid baseboard-manufacturer baseboard-product-name baseboard-version baseboard-serial-number baseboard-asset-tag chassis-manufacturer chassis-type chassis-version chassis-serial-number chassis-asset-tag processor-family processor-manufacturer processor-version processor-frequency

(2)Valid type keywords are: bios system baseboard chassis processor memory cache connector slot

(3)type全部编码列表 Type Information —————————————- 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Base Board 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply 40 Additional Information 41 Onboard Device

六、命令用法示例:

1、查看服务器型号:dmidecode | grep 'Product Name'

2、查看主板的序列号:dmidecode |grep 'Serial Number'

3、查看系统序列号:dmidecode -s system-serial-number

4、查看内存信息:dmidecode -t memory

5、查看OEM信息:dmidecode -t 11

关于 Dmidecode 的更多用法,你可以通过指定 -h 选项查询。

查看主板型号:

dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$"

内存槽及内存条:

dmidecode |grep -A16 "Memory Device$"

第二步,dmidecode|more查询

[root@www.ctohome.com]# dmidecode|more

dmidecode 2.10

SMBIOS 2.4 present. 57 structures occupying 2318 bytes. Table at 0x000E84B0.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Intel Corp. Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334 Release Date: 06/25/2009

.....

System Information 服务器品牌 Manufacturer:
Product Name: (没有信息表示非品牌或未识别)
Version:
Serial Number:
UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8 Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: Not Specified Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes Base Board Information 主板型号/主板信息 Manufacturer: Intel Corporation Product Name: DG43GT Version: AAE62768-300 Serial Number: BTGT9340022N

Processor Information CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频 Socket Designation: PROCESSOR Type: Central Processor Family: Pentium D Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp. ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10 Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6500 @ 2.93GHz
Voltage: 1.2 V External Clock: 266 MHz Max Speed: 4000 MHz Current Speed: 2931 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket LGA775

Cache Information 硬件和CPU缓存情况 Socket Designation: L1-Cache Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 32 kB Maximum Size: 32 kB

BIOS Language Information BIOS语言 Installable Languages: 1 en|US|iso8859-1 Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

Physical Memory Array 主板最大支持内存 Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 16 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4

Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytes Memory Array Mapped Address 目前的内存 Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF Range Size: 4 GB Physical Array Handle: 0x002B Partition Width: 0

On Board Device Information 显卡型号 Type: Video Status: Enabled Description: Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device