Linux编写IPv6 socket Server/Client程序

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迎难学字 2023-08-14 09:01:57 ©著作权

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编写IPv6 socket程序涉及到使用网络套接字库来实现基于IPv6协议的通信。以下是关于如何编写、配置、实施、测试和优化IPv6 socket程序的一些关键知识点、示例和步骤。

原理： IPv6是下一代互联网协议，相较于IPv4，它提供了更大的地址空间、改进的路由和网络配置等优势。在编写IPv6 socket程序时，你需要使用AF_INET6地址族和SOCK_STREAM或SOCK_DGRAM套接字类型，这样可以创建IPv6地址和协议相关的套接字。

例子： 以下是一个简单的基于IPv6的TCP服务器和客户端的示例代码。

TCP服务器：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main() {
    int server_socket, client_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in6 server_addr, client_addr;
    socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);
    
    // Create socket
    server_socket = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (server_socket == -1) {
        perror("Socket creation failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Configure server address
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
    server_addr.sin6_port = htons(8080);
    server_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_any;

    // Bind socket to address
    if (bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
        perror("Binding failed");
        close(server_socket);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Listen for connections
    if (listen(server_socket, 5) == -1) {
        perror("Listening failed");
        close(server_socket);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("Server listening on port 8080...\n");

    // Accept connections
    client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_addr_len);
    if (client_socket == -1) {
        perror("Accepting connection failed");
        close(server_socket);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Communication with client
    // ...

    // Close sockets
    close(client_socket);
    close(server_socket);

    return 0;
}

TCP客户端：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main() {
    int client_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in6 server_addr;

    // Create socket
    client_socket = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (client_socket == -1) {
        perror("Socket creation failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Configure server address
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
    server_addr.sin6_port = htons(8080);
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, "2001:db8::1", &server_addr.sin6_addr) <= 0) {
        perror("Invalid address");
        close(client_socket);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Connect to server
    if (connect(client_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
        perror("Connection failed");
        close(client_socket);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Communication with server
    // ...

    // Close socket
    close(client_socket);

    return 0;
}

配置：