老师都有讲课这个方法,一个老师先是在西部偏远山区,是站在教室里木头的黑板前讲课;过了几年表现好,调到了稍微好点的城市里,是坐在教室前用多媒体设备讲课;又过了几年考博士了,毕业后继续当老师,不过现在是躺在家里对着电脑远程授课。都是讲课这个方法,不同的条件下(参数不同)有不同的执行过程和输出结果。这就是重载。
重载的定义是:在同一个类中 ,或者是这个类的子类中,有若干个同名的方法就是重载,不过方法同名但是参数列表必须不同。在子类的情况就是,子类有和父类方法名相同但参数列表不同的方法,而且父类的该名字的方法必须为protected和public型的。
看下面代码:
学校高考完后,有好几个被北大和清华录取了,于是学校请老师去五星级酒店吃饭。门迎见到顾客光临,要称呼:男士/女士,欢迎光临!
using System; namespace YYS.CSharpStudy.MainConsole { public class YSchool { private int id = 0; private string name = string.Empty; public int ID { get { return this.id; } } public string Name { get { return name; } } public YSchool() { this.id = 0; this.name = @"清华大学附中"; } public YSchool(int id, string name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } /// <summary> /// 构造器 /// </summary> public YSchool(int id) { this.id = id; this.name = @"陕师大附中"; } } public class YTeacher { private int id = 0; private string name = string.Empty; private YSchool school = null; private string introDuction = string.Empty; private string imagePath = string.Empty; public int ID { get { return id; } } public string Name { get { return name; } } public YSchool School { get { if (school == null) { school = new YSchool(); } return school; } set { school = value; } } public string IntroDuction { get { return introDuction; } set { introDuction = value; } } public string ImagePath { get { return imagePath; } set { imagePath = value; } } /// <summary> /// 构造器 /// </summary> public YTeacher(int id, string name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } /// <summary> /// 构造器 /// </summary> public YTeacher(int id, string name, YSchool school) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.school = school; } /// <summary> /// 给学生讲课的方法 /// </summary> public void ToTeachStudents() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0} 老师教育同学们: Good Good Study,Day Day Up!", this.name)); } /// <summary> /// 惩罚犯错误学生的方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="punishmentContent"></param> public void PunishmentStudents(string punishmentContent) { Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0} 的{1} 老师让犯错误的学生 {2}。", this.School.Name, this.name, punishmentContent)); } } public class MrTeacher : YTeacher { public MrTeacher(int id, string name) : base(id, name) { } /// <summary> /// 扩展的方法,刮胡子方法。 /// </summary> public void Shave() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0} 老师用飞科剃须刀刮胡子。",this.Name)); } } public class MisTeacher : YTeacher { public MisTeacher(int id, string name) : base(id, name) { } /// <summary> /// 扩展方法,护肤的方法 /// </summary> public void SkinCare() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0} 老师用香奈儿护肤霜护肤。", this.Name)); } } public class FiveStarsHotel { /// <summary> /// 重载 /// </summary> public void Welcome(MrTeacher mTeacher) { Console.WriteLine(@"先生,欢迎光临!"); } /// <summary> /// 重载 /// </summary> public void Welcome(MisTeacher misTeacher) { Console.WriteLine(@"女士,欢迎光临!"); } } }
using System; namespace YYS.CSharpStudy.MainConsole { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { FiveStarsHotel hotel = new FiveStarsHotel(); MrTeacher mrTeacher = new MrTeacher(1, @"牛轰轰"); Console.WriteLine(@"牛轰轰 来了"); hotel.Welcome(mrTeacher);//男老师进门 MisTeacher misTeacher = new MisTeacher(2, @"郝漂靓"); Console.WriteLine(@"郝漂靓 来了"); hotel.Welcome(misTeacher);//女老师进门 Console.ReadKey(); } } }
结果:
看上面的代码中,YTeacher,YSchool中的构造器就是重载的运用。
重载的好处是可以让逻辑更明确,比如上述代码中,Welcome方法其实也可以写一个方法,然后使用if else或者switch语句来判断,最后输出结果。但是我们完成一个工程不光是为了完成某个功能,还要让代码可读性强,逻辑明确,易于维护,所以就要让代码在逻辑上更接近于现实世界的逻辑。使用重载能让代码更好理解,执行步骤也很直观。
代码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yysyangyangyangshan/4393502