Docker基本命令
镜像常用命令
• 命令列表
– docker images //查看镜像列表
– docker history //查看镜像制作历史
– docker inspect //查看镜像底层信息
– docker pull //下载镜像
– docker push //上传镜像
– docker rmi //删除本地镜像
– docker save //镜像另存为tar包
– docker load //使用tar包导入镜像
– docker search //搜索镜像
– docker tag //修改镜像名称和标签
docker images
• 查看镜像列表
– REPOSITORY //镜像仓库名称
– TAG //镜像标签
– IMAGE ID //镜像ID
– CREATED //创建时间
– SIZE //大小
• 镜像ID: Docker镜像通过镜像ID进行识别。镜像ID是一个64字符的十六进制的字符串。但是当我们运行镜像时，通常我们不会使用镜像ID来引用镜像，而是使用镜像名来引用。
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker history
• 查看镜像历史
– 了解镜像制作过程
– 详细参考后面的dockerfile内容
[root@localhost ~]# docker history centos
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B
fb2a47779ef8 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL name=CentOS Base Ima 0 B
99d067612410 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:7441d818786942af84 203.5 MB
docker inspect
• 查看镜像底层信息
– 了解镜像环境变量、存储卷、标签等信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect centos
… …
{
"Id": "sha256:980e0e4c79ec933406e467a296ce3b86685e6b42eed2f873745e6a91d718e37a",
"RepoTags": [
"centos:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2016-09-06T21:10:20.397787682Z",
"Container": "37446a1771cbec3e85b76d9159fd6a5a92743655cb92a65661e8a174bad81c7e“
… …
docker rmi
• 删除本地镜像
– 注意：启动容器时删除镜像会提示错误
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi centos
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference
"centos" (must force) - container 3daba799135c is using its referenced image
980e0e4c79ec
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
busybox latest 789355058656 7 weeks ago 1.129 MB
mysql latest 82960a1161e0 14 months ago 383.4 MB
nginx latest affde4c9c317 14 months ago 181.4 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi busybox
Untagged: busybox:latest
Deleted: 789355058656ec2ca0a856283e2597852ccd444548c9ef4fcbf8c9c24a73e169
Deleted: 97d69bba9a9d8406055d0fdc38a7f00162823ee5ca3751fc71531cb210204ff9
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
mysql latest 82960a1161e0 14 months ago 383.4 MB
nginx latest affde4c9c317 14 months ago 181.4 MB
docker save|load
• 保存本地镜像另存为tar文件
– 方便其他人使用tar包导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker save centos > centos.tar
• 使用tar包文件导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker load < centos.tar
docker search busybox
– 从官方源搜索镜像 NAME:镜像仓库源的名称 DESCRIPTION:镜像的描述 OFFICIAL:是否docker官方发布
[root@localhost ~]# docker search busybox
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
busybox Busybox base image. 1168 [OK]
progrium/busybox 66 [OK]
hypriot/rpi-busybox-httpd Raspberry Pi compatible Docker Image with ... 39
radial/busyboxplus Full-chain, Internet enabled, busybox made... 17 [OK]
hypriot/armhf-busybox Busybox base image for ARM. 8
armhf/busybox Busybox base image. 4
arm32v7/busybox Busybox base image. 3
prom/busybox Prometheus Busybox Docker base images 2 [OK]
armel/busybox Busybox base image. 2
s390x/busybox Busybox base image. 2
onsi/grace-busybox 2
p7ppc64/busybox Busybox base image for ppc64. 2
aarch64/busybox Busybox base image. 2
arm32v6/busybox Busybox base image. 1
spotify/busybox Spotify fork of https://hub.docker.com/_/b... 1
ppc64le/busybox Busybox base image. 1
i386/busybox Busybox base image. 1
concourse/busyboxplus 0
cfgarden/garden-busybox 0
trollin/busybox 0
yauritux/busybox-curl Busybox with CURL 0
ggtools/busybox-ubuntu Busybox ubuntu version with extra goodies 0 [OK]
amd64/busybox Busybox base image. 0
ddn0/busybox fork of official busybox 0 [OK]
arm64v8/busybox Busybox base image. 0
docker tag
• 重命名镜像名称（复制）
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag centos v1
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
v1 latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
centos latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag centos:latest v2:test
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
v1 latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
v2 test 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
centos latest 358bf47a7a64 3 weeks ago 203.5 MB
容器常用命令
• 命令列表
– docker run //运行容器
– docker ps //查看容器列表
– docker stop //关闭容器
– docker start //启动容器
– docker restart //重启容器
– docker attach|exec //进入容器
– docker inspect //查看容器底层信息
– docker top //查看容器进程列表
– docker rm //删除容器
docker run
• 使用镜像启动容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it nginx bash
root@065d2c789646:/# exit
• 使用镜像启动容器放在后台
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd centos bash
b8f218f2341c12655e6092d7d2e7fd5229824fdefce84075fb3a9569ebf82079
[root@localhost ~]#
docker ps
• 列出容器列表
– docker ps 查看正在运行的容器
– docker ps -a 查看所有容器列表
– docker ps -aq 仅显示容器id
• 容器ID: 64字符的十六进制的字符串来定义容器ID，它是容器的唯一标识符。容器之间的交互是依靠容器ID识别的，由于容器ID的字符太长，我们通常只需键入容器ID的前4个字符即可。
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ef58c24c92ef centos "bash" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds insane_torvalds
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ef58c24c92ef centos "bash" 22 seconds ago Up 21 seconds insane_torvalds
a4e1a0a525dc centos "bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (137) 3 minutes ago tender_ptolemy
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago dreamy_bardeen
56e8898c730c centos "bash" 30 minutes ago Exited (137) 26 minutes ago serene_brattain
cd7551f2f4ad nginx "bash" 15 hours ago Exited (127) 25 minutes ago cranky_hoover
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
ef58c24c92ef
a4e1a0a525dc
065d2c789646
56e8898c730c
cd7551f2f4ad
docker stop|start|restart
• 管理容器
– docker stop 关闭容器
– docker start 开启容器
– docker restart 重启容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ef58c24c92ef centos "bash" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds insane_torvalds
[root@server0 ~]# docker stop ef5
docker attach|exec
• 进入容器
– docker attach 进入容器，exit会导致容器关闭
– docker exec 进入容器，退出时不会关闭容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ef58c24c92ef centos "bash" 9 minutes ago Up 40 seconds insane_torvalds
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 25 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp, 443/tcp dreamy_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach ef5
[root@ef58c24c92ef /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 28 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp dreamy_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 065d bash
root@065d2c789646:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 29 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp dreamy_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]#
docker inspect
• 查看容器底层信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 31 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp dreamy_bardeen ntic_bard
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 065d
Id": "065d2c789646eb6c564f21afdace2303c04f123ed64a8e71fcbcd9c014544389",
"Created": "2017-12-26T01:52:15.761726948Z",
"Path": "bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
........
docker top
• 查看容器进程列表
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 31 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp dreamy_bardeen ntic_bard
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 065d
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 5493 13925 0 10:17 pts/4 00:00:00 bash
docker rm
• 删除容器
– 注意，删除正在运行的容器时会提示错误，先关闭容器，才能删除。
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ef58c24c92ef centos "bash" 24 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago insane_torvalds
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 40 minutes ago Up 15 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp dreamy_bardeen
56e8898c730c centos "bash" 54 minutes ago Exited (137) 50 minutes ago serene_brattain
cd7551f2f4ad nginx "bash" 16 hours ago Exited (127) 50 minutes ago cranky_hoover
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 065d
Error response from daemon: Cannot destroy container 065d: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
Error: failed to remove containers: [065d]
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 56e8
56e8
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ef58c24c92ef centos "bash" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago insane_torvalds
065d2c789646 nginx "bash" 42 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp dreamy_bardeen
cd7551f2f4ad nginx "bash" 16 hours ago Exited (127) 51 minutes ago cranky_hoover
[root@localhost ~]#
