Linux 平台下 RMAN 全备和增量备份 shell 脚本

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xingyun2010 2011-02-22 17:23:19 博主文章分类：Oracle

文章标签 Linux 脚本 shell rman RMAN全备 文章分类 运维

Linux 平台下 RMAN 全备和增量备份 shell 脚本

Oracle 备份 2010-08-06 11:17:16 阅读129 评论0 字号：大中小订阅

Oracle 分归档和非归档模式。这两者的区别就是对redo log的处理。归档模式下，当一个redo log 写满之后，就会把这个redo log里的内容写入归档文件，等写完之后，这个redo log 就可以继续使用，如果是非归档模式下，redo log 就直接覆盖了。恢复一般都需要归档文件，这里面记录了对数据库的操作，所以生产库一般都运行在归档模式下。关于归档模式和非归档模式的切换参考Blog：

Oracle 归档与非归档的切换

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/10/19/4693470.aspx

RMAN 备份的存放位置也有2种选择，一种是直接备份到磁盘，另一种就是备份到磁带。现在的大公司，一般都使用Symnatec Veritas NetBackup 软件来进行备份。这款软件扩展了RMAN的功能和优点，所有用起来比较方便。 08年刚工作的时候就遇到了一个安装NetBackup的实战机会，可惜那时刚接触Oracle，连Oracle 都不了解，更不提NetBackup了，转眼2年过去了，在也没有遇到这样的机会，不知道什么时候才能玩玩NetBackup。遗憾啊。

使用RMAN 备份也分catalog 和nocatalog，就是是否使用恢复目录，如果不使用恢复目录，那么就是用control file作为catalog，每一次备份都要往控制文件里面写好多备份信息，控制文件里面会有越来越多的备份信息。因此，当使用rman nocatalog方式备份时，备份controlfile是非常重要的。如果使用catalog模式，就需要句需要创建catalog目录。当库比较多时，使用catalog也是比较方便的。具体参考：

RMAN Catalog 和 Nocatalog 的区别

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/06/02/5641763.aspx

RMAN的备份也分两种，一种是全备，另一种增量备份。全备适用与数据库比较小的情况，如果库大的话就需要使用增量备份了，因为这样能减少备份的时间。 Window 下的备份脚本，参考Blog：

Windows下RMAN备份脚本

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/01/13/5181414.aspx

关于控制文件对于RMAN的重要性，可以参考下面blog中的第四节：

RMAN 系列（一）---- RMAN 体系结构概述

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/06/09/5659701.aspx

修改控制文件的保存时间，从默认的7天改成14天

SQL> show parameter control

SQL> alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=14 scope=both;

开启控制文件的自动备份，开启之后在数据库备份或者数据文件（比如添加数据文件）有修改的时候都会自动备份控制文件和spfile文件。

Configure controlfile autobackup on;

二．全备脚本

以 nocatalog 模式为例：

Shell 脚本：

########################################################################

## hot_database_backup.sh ##

## created by Tianlesoftware ##

## 2010-7-16 ##

#########################################################################

#!/bin/sh

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Determine the user which is executing this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUSER=`id |cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d ")" -f1`

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired.

# Note: output directory requires write permission.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does

# not accumulate. If not, delete the following lines.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]

then

rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"

# -----------------------------------------------------------------

# Initialize the log file.

# -----------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Log the start of this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Oracle home path.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# the Oracle SID of the target database.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_SID

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The Oracle DBA user id (account).

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_USER=oracle

export ORACLE_USER

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo "NB_ORA_FULL: $NB_ORA_FULL" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo "NB_ORA_INCR: $NB_ORA_INCR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo "NB_ORA_CINC: $NB_ORA_CINC" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo "NB_ORA_SERV: $NB_ORA_SERV" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo "NB_ORA_POLICY: $NB_ORA_POLICY" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,

# this would be the place to verify that.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CMD_STR="

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_SID

$RMAN nocatalog target sys/admin msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF

RUN {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/orcl_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 DATABASE TAG orcl_hot_db_bk;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u01/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';

backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u01/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';

release channel c2;

release channel c1;

}

report obsolete;

delete noprompt obsolete;

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

list backup summary;

#EOF

# Initiate the command string

if [ "$CUSER" = "root" ]

then

echo "Root Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

else

echo "User Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Log the completion of this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]

then

LOGMSG="ended successfully"

else

LOGMSG="ended in error"

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/mailx -s "RMAN Backup SID " daimm@sf-express.com < $RMAN_LOG_FILE

exit $RSTAT

三．增量备份

以catalog模式为例：

在存放catalog的实例上创建catalog 目录：

1.创建Catalog所需要的表空间

SQL>create tablespace catalog_ts datafile 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\catalog_ts1.dbf' size 20M;

2.创建RMAN用户并授权

SQL>create user catalog identified by catalog default tablespace catalog_ts;

SQL>grant recovery_catalog_owner to catalog;

查看角色所拥有的权限:

select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER';

3.创建恢复目录

[oracle@db1 scripts]$ rman target / catalog catalog/catalog@catalog1;

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 15 12:03:16 2010

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1248423599)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> create catalog tablespace catalog_ts;

recovery catalog created

如果此处报错：

ORACLE error from recovery catalog database: ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

可以用命令删除catalog，在创建：

RMAN> drop catalog;

recovery catalog owner is CATALOG

enter DROP CATALOG command again to confirm catalog removal

RMAN> drop catalog

recovery catalog dropped

RMAN> register database;

database registered in recovery catalog

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

RMAN>

差异备份有3个级别：

0级：相当于全备，不同的是0级可用于增量备份，全备不行。

1级：备份自上次0级备份以来的数据

2级：备份自上次备份依赖的数据

脚本的增量备份策略：周日0级备份，周四1级备份，其他2级备份

Shell 脚本：

########################################################################

## incremental_hot_database_backup.sh ##

## created by Tianlesoftware ##

## 2010-7-16 ##

#########################################################################

#!/bin/ksh

export LANG=en_US

BACKUP_DATE=`date +%d`

RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out

TODAY=`date`

USER=`id|cut -d "(" -f2|cut -d ")" -f1`

echo "-----------------$TODAY-------------------">$RMAN_LOG_FILE

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_HOME

RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

export RMAN

ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_USER=oracle

export ORACLE_OWNER

echo "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "ORACLE_USER:$ORACLE_USER">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "==========================================">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo "BACKUP DATABASE BEGIN......">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo " ">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE

WEEK_DAILY=`date +%a`

case "$WEEK_DAILY" in

"Mon")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Tue")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Wed")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Thu")

BAK_LEVEL=1

;;

"Fri")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Sat")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Sun")

BAK_LEVEL=0

;;

"*")

BAK_LEVEL=error

esac

export BAK_LEVEL=$BAK_LEVEL

echo "Today is : $WEEK_DAILY incremental level= $BAK_LEVEL">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

RUN_STR="

BAK_LEVEL=$BAK_LEVEL

export BAK_LEVEL

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_SID

$RMAN TARGET sys/admin CATALOG catalog/catalog@catalog1 msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append <<EOF

run

{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

backup incremental level= $BAK_LEVEL skip inaccessible filesperset 5 Database format='/u01/backup/orcl_lev"$BAK_LEVEL"_%U_%T' tag='orcl_lev"$BAK_LEVEL"' ;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all tag='arc_bak' format='/u01/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 not backed up 1 times delete input;

backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u01/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';

backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u01/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';

release channel c2;

release channel c1;

}

report obsolete;

delete noprompt obsolete;

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

list backup summary;

resync catalog;

EOF

# Initiate the command string

if [ "$CUSER" = "root" ]

then

echo "Root Command String: $RUN_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$RUN_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

else

echo "User Command String: $RUN_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/sh -c "$RUN_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Log the completion of this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]

then

LOGMSG="ended successfully"

else

LOGMSG="ended in error"

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/mailx -s "RMAN Backup SID " daimm@sf-express.com < $RMAN_LOG_FILE

exit $RSTAT

将该备份脚本添加到crontab，然后定时执行：

[oracle@db1 u01]$ crontab -l

00 1 * * * /u01/scripts/incremental_hotbackup.sh

Unix crontab 命令详解

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