菜鸟学Linux 第098篇笔记 memcached
内容总览
memcached 缓存服务器
memcached 安装与配置
配置php调用memcached
配置php将会话保存至memcached中
图形化的memcached监控和管理工具
memcached 缓存服务器，但本身无法决定缓存任何数据
一半依赖于客户端，一半依赖于服务器
LRU 最近最少使用
内存缓存服务器 最小不能少于48bytes 最大1mb
bubby system 伙伴系统 避免内存外碎片
slab allocator (slab分配器) 避免内存内碎片
memcached: 不通信分布式缓存服务器
port 11211
memcached客户端库程序
perl module
cache::memcached
php
memcache
memcached
c/c++
libmemcached
memadmin (图形化来管理和查看)
memcached 安装与配置
准备工作 下载memcached libevent 安装memcached时有依赖libevent
1. 安装libevent 和 memcached
安装libevent
# tar -xf libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz
# cd libevent-2.1.8-stable
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
# make && make install
安装memcached
# tar xf memcached-1.4.34.tar.gz
# cd memcached-1.4.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcacled --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent/
(到此安装完成)
2. 配置memcached
memcached命令
-p <num> TCP port number to listen on (default: 11211)
-U <num> UDP port number to listen on (default: 11211, 0 is off)
-l <addr> interface to listen on (default: INADDR_ANY, all addresses)
<addr> may be specified as host:port. If you don't specify
a port number, the value you specified with -p or -U is
used. You may specify multiple addresses separated by comma
or by using -l multiple times
-d run as a daemon
-u <username> assume identity of <username> (only when run as root)
-m <num> max memory to use for items in megabytes (default: 64 MB)
-f <factor> chunk size growth factor (default: 1.25)
-n <bytes> minimum space allocated for key+value+flags (default: 48)
# /usr/local/memcacled/bin/memcached -m 128 -n 20 -f 1.2 -vv -u nobody -d
3. 测试memcached
add 命令
add keyname flag timeout datasize
如
add firstkey 0 20 5
hello
get 命令
get firstkey
# telnet localhost 11211
add firstkey 0 20 5
hello
get firstkey
(此时memcached可以正常工作了)
4. 添加服务脚本为memcached
#!/bin/bash
#
# Init file for memcached
#
# chkconfig: - 86 14
# description: Distributed memory caching daemon
#
# processname: memcached
# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
## Default variables
PORT="11211"
USER="nobody"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS=""
[ -f /etc/sysconf/memcached ] && . /etc/sysconfig/memcached
RETVAL=0
prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
desc="Distributed memory caching"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "
daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE "$OPTIONS"
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
killproc $prog
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $RETVAL
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "
killproc $prog -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
condrestart)
[ -e $lockfile ] && restart
RETVAL=$?
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
添加可执行
配置php调用memcached
1. 安装php
所依赖的安装包
libmcrypt-2.5.8-4.el5.centos.i386.rpm
libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-4.el5.centos.i386.rpm
mhash-0.9.9-1.el5.centos.i386.rpm
mhash-devel-0.9.9-1.el5.centos.i386.rpm
mcrypt-2.6.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
libevent
openssl-devel
bzip2-devel
libcurl-devel
查看此些包可以到网站rpmfind.net
下载完成后安装
安装php
# tar -xf php-5.4.13.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.4.13
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring \
--with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-mhash --with-mcrypt \
--with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
--with-bz2 --with-curl --with-libevent-dir=/usr/local/libevent/
(此为一行命令)
# make && make install
# cd /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
# vim php-fpm.conf (修改值)
pm.max_children = 150
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
# cd /root/mysql-compile/php-5.4.13
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# service php-fpm start
# netstat -tunlp (查看9000端口是否开启)
2. 配置nginx调用php
# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
将如下的location前边#号去掉
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
删除里边内容替换为如下选项
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
3. 配置php使用memcache
需要到官方站点 pecl PECL is a repository for PHP Extensions
pecl.php.net 下载memcache
编译和安装memcache
# tar -xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
# cd memcache-2.2.7
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache
# make && make install
安装完成会有如下一条信息，将其复制
/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/
# mkdir /etc/php.d
# vim /etc/php.d/memcache.ini
extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/memcache.so
上边此行的目录就是刚刚复制的那个目录，后边加了一个memcache.so
# service php-fpm restart
此时php便可使用memcache内存缓存
4. 测试memcache是否被php调用
vim /web/html/test.php
<?php
$mem = new Memcache;
$mem->connect("127.0.0.1", 11211) or die("Could not connect");
$version = $mem->getVersion();
echo "Server's version: ".$version."<br/>\n";
$mem->set('testkey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die
("Failed to save data at the memcached server"); 一行内容
echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>\n";
$get_result = $mem->get('testkey');
echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";
?>
访问此文件
http://192.168.11.151/test.php
5.查看memcached是否存储了testkey
# telnet localhost 11211
get testkey 查看其是否有键值
6. nginx整合memcached
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.mysky.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
set $memcached_key $uri;
memcached_pass 127.0.0.1:11211;
default_type text/html;
error_page 404 @fallback;
}
location @fallback {
proxy_pass http://172.16.0.1;
}
}
配置php将会话保存至memcached中
1. 配置php.ini
vim /etc/php.ini
session.save_handler = memcache
session.save_path = "tcp://192.168.11.151:11211?persistent=1&weight=1&timeout=1&ret
ry_interval=15"（一行命令）
# service php-fpm restart
2. 测试是否工作正常
新建php页面setsess.php，为客户端设置启用session：
<?php
session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION['www.MageEdu.com'])) {
$_SESSION['www.MageEdu.com'] = time();
}
print $_SESSION['www.MageEdu.com'];
print "<br><br>";
print "Session ID: " . session_id();
?>
新建php页面showsess.php，获取当前用户的会话ID：
<?php
session_start();
$memcache_obj = new Memcache;
$memcache_obj->connect('172.16.200.11', 11211);
$mysess=session_id();
var_dump($memcache_obj->get($mysess));
$memcache_obj->close();
?>
图形化的memcached监控和管理工具
memadmin-master.zip
解压将其放在nginx所定义的网站目录里即可访问
