精进不休 .NET 4.0 (1) - asp.net 4.0 新特性之web.config的改进

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精进不休 .NET 4.0 (1) - asp.net 4.0 新特性之web.config的改进, ViewStateMode, ClientIDMode, EnablePersistedSelection, 控件的其它一些改进

作者：webabcd


介绍
asp.net 4.0 的新增功能

• 简洁的 web.config 文件
• 控件的新属性 ViewStateMode - 控件的视图状态模式
• 控件的新属性 ClientIDMode - 生成客户端 ID 的方式
• 列表控件的新属性 EnablePersistedSelection - 保存选中项的方式
• 控件的其他一些增强点
  • RenderOuterTable - 指定控件在客户端呈现的时候，是否在外层加 table 标签
  • Menu 控件，在 asp.net 4.0 中将会以 ul li 的方式呈现在客户端
  • RepeatLayout - 布局模式，控件在客户端的 HTML 呈现方式
  • Wizard 和 CreateUserWizard 新增了 LayoutTemplate 模板
  • 原来使用 ListView 必须要有 LayoutTemplate ，在 asp.net 4.0 中可以不再用它了

示例
1、简洁的 web.config，配置信息被移到了 machine.config
Web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!--
        清爽的 web.config    
        配置信息一律都放到 machine.config 里了
-->

<configuration>
        
        <system.web>
                <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />
        </system.web>
        
</configuration>

 

 

2、ViewStateMode 属性的用法
ViewStateDemo.aspx

<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" AutoEventWireup="true"
        CodeBehind="ViewStateDemo.aspx.cs" Inherits="AspDotNet.ViewStateDemo" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
        <!--
                ViewStateMode - 控件的视图状态模式
                        ViewStateMode.Enabled - 此控件启用 ViewState，并且其子控件中所有 ViewStateMode 为 Inherit 的控件也全部启用 ViewState
                        ViewStateMode.Disabled - 此控件禁用 ViewState，并且其子控件中所有 ViewStateMode 为 Inherit 的控件也全部奇偶能用 ViewState
                        ViewStateMode.Inherit - 此控件是否启用 ViewState，由其父控件的 ViewStateMode 的值决定
        -->

        <asp:PlaceHolder ID="PlaceHolder1" runat="server" ViewStateMode="Disabled">

                <!--无 ViewState-->
                <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" ViewStateMode="Disabled" />

                <br />

                <!--有 ViewState-->
                <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" ViewStateMode="Enabled" />

                <br />

                <!--无 ViewState-->
                <asp:Label ID="Label3" runat="server" ViewStateMode="Inherit" />

        </asp:PlaceHolder>

        <br />
        <!--点击“回发”按钮后观察各个 Label 控件是否启用了 ViewState-->
        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="回发" />
</asp:Content>

 

ViewStateDemo.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace AspDotNet
{
        public partial class ViewStateDemo : System.Web.UI.Page
        {
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
                {
                        // 页面第一次加载时，分别给三个 Label 赋值，用于演示是否启用了 ViewState
                        if (!Page.IsPostBack)
                        {
                                Label1.Text = "Label1";
                                Label2.Text = "Label2";
                                Label3.Text = "Label3";
                        }
                }
        }
}

 

 

3、ClientIDMode 属性的用法
ClientID.aspx

<%@ Page Title="ClientID" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" AutoEventWireup="true"
        CodeBehind="ClientID.aspx.cs" Inherits="AspDotNet.ClientID" ClientIDMode="Static" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
        
        <!--
                ClientIDMode - 生成客户端 ID 的方式
                        ClientIDMode.AutoID - 生成方式和以前一样，为保证唯一，会把其以上各层级的控件ID拿过来拼成一个页面中的唯一ID
                        ClientIDMode.Inherit - 继承父控件的客户端ID生成方式
                        ClientIDMode.Static - 静态方式。在服务端设置的ID是什么，客户端所呈现的ID就是什么
                        ClientIDMode.Predictable - 生成ID的方式为：[Prefix]_[ID]_[Suffix]
                注意：
                        在某控件层级中如果没有设置 ClientIDMode，则其默认值为 AutoID
                        如果在控件层级中的父级控件设置了 ClientIDMode，则其子控件的默认值为 Inherit
        -->

        <!-- ClientIDMode.AutoID 的 Demo -->
        <fieldset>
                <legend>Legacy</legend>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtLegacy" ClientIDMode="AutoID" runat="server" Text="ID: txtLegacy" />
        </fieldset>

        <!-- ClientIDMode.Static 的 Demo -->
        <fieldset>
                <legend>Static</legend>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtStatic" ClientIDMode="Static" runat="server" Text="ID: txtStatic" />
        </fieldset>

        <!-- ClientIDMode.Inherit 的 Demo （注意：Page 上的 ClientIDMode 的值为 Static，所以此控件的客户端ID生成方式也是 Static）-->
        <fieldset>
                <legend>Inherit</legend>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtInherit" ClientIDMode="Inherit" runat="server" Text="ID: txtInherit" />
        </fieldset>

        <!-- Predictable 模式中自动分配 Suffix 的方式 -->
        <fieldset>
                <legend>Predictable Repeater </legend>
                <div id="repeaterContainer">
                        <asp:Repeater ID="repeater" runat="server" ClientIDMode="Static">
                                <ItemTemplate>
                                        <div>
                                                <asp:Label ID="productPrice" ClientIDMode="Predictable" runat="server">
                                                <%# string.Format(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, "{0:c}", Eval("ProductPrice"))%>
                                                </asp:Label>
                                        </div>
                                </ItemTemplate>
                        </asp:Repeater>
                </div>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtPredictableRepeater" runat="server" TextMode="MultiLine" Rows="10"
                        ClientIDMode="Static" Style="width: 99%;" />
        </fieldset>

        <!-- Predictable 模式中分配指定 Suffix 的方式（ClientIDRowSuffix 指定 Suffix 的数据来源） -->
        <fieldset>
                <legend>Predictable ListView </legend>
                <asp:ListView ID="listView" runat="server" ClientIDMode="Static" ClientIDRowSuffix="ProductId">
                        <ItemTemplate>
                                <div>
                                        <asp:Label ID="productPrice" ClientIDMode="Predictable" runat="server">
                                                <%# string.Format(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, "{0:c}", Eval("ProductPrice"))%>
                                        </asp:Label>
                                </div>
                        </ItemTemplate>
                        <LayoutTemplate>
                                <div id="listViewContainer">
                                        <div id="itemPlaceholder" runat="server" />
                                </div>
                        </LayoutTemplate>
                </asp:ListView>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtPredictableListView" runat="server" TextMode="MultiLine" Rows="10"
                        ClientIDMode="Static" Style="width: 99%;" />
        </fieldset>

        <script type="text/javascript">

() () {
                        document.getElementById('<%= txtLegacy.ClientID %>').value += "     ClientID: " + '<%= txtLegacy.ClientID %>';

                        document.getElementById('<%= txtStatic.ClientID %>').value += "     ClientID: " + '<%= txtStatic.ClientID %>';

                        document.getElementById('<%= txtInherit.ClientID %>').value += "     ClientID: " + '<%= txtInherit.ClientID %>';

                        document.getElementById('txtPredictableRepeater').value = document.getElementById('repeaterContainer').innerHTML;

                        document.getElementById('txtPredictableListView').value = document.getElementById('listViewContainer').innerHTML;
                }

        </script>
</asp:Content>

 

ClientID.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace AspDotNet
{
        public partial class ClientID : System.Web.UI.Page
        {
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
                {
                        BindData();
                }

                // 绑定数据到 ListView
void BindData() void BindData()
                {
                        Random random = new Random();

                        List<Product> products = new List<Product>();
                        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                        {
                                products.Add(new Product { ProductId = i + 100, ProductName = "名称", ProductPrice = random.NextDouble() });
                        }

                        listView.DataSource = products;
                        listView.DataBind();

                        repeater.DataSource = products;
                        repeater.DataBind();
                }

                class Product
                {
                        public int ProductId { get; set; }
                        public string ProductName { get; set; }
                        public double ProductPrice { get; set; }
                }
        }
}

 

 

4、EnablePersistedSelection 属性的用法
EnablePersistedSelection.aspx

<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" AutoEventWireup="true"
        CodeBehind="EnablePersistedSelection.aspx.cs" Inherits="AspDotNet.EnablePersistedSelection" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
        <!--
                EnablePersistedSelection - 保存选中项的方式
                        true - 根据 DataKeyNames 指定的字段做为关键字保存选中项（分页操作不会改变选中项）
                        false - 根据行在当前页的表中的索引做为关键字保存选中项（分页后，选中项会发生改变。比如，在第一页选中了第一行，那么分页到第二页的时候选此页的第一行就会被当成选中项，也就是选中项发生了改变）
        -->

        <asp:GridView ID="gridView" runat="server" AllowPaging="True" DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource1"
                CellPadding="4" ForeColor="#333333" GridLines="None" EnablePersistedSelection="true"
                DataKeyNames="productId">
                <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="White" />
                <Columns>
                        <asp:CommandField ShowSelectButton="True" />
                        <asp:BoundField DataField="productId" HeaderText="productId" SortExpression="productId" />
                        <asp:BoundField DataField="productName" HeaderText="productName" SortExpression="productName" />
                        <asp:BoundField DataField="productPrice" HeaderText="productPrice" SortExpression="productPrice" />
                </Columns>
                <FooterStyle BackColor="#990000" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" />
                <HeaderStyle BackColor="#990000" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" />
                <PagerStyle BackColor="#FFCC66" ForeColor="#333333" HorizontalAlign="Center" />
                <RowStyle BackColor="#FFFBD6" ForeColor="#333333" />
                <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#FFCC66" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="Navy" />
                <SortedAscendingCellStyle BackColor="#FDF5AC" />
                <SortedAscendingHeaderStyle BackColor="#4D0000" />
                <SortedDescendingCellStyle BackColor="#FCF6C0" />
                <SortedDescendingHeaderStyle BackColor="#820000" />
        </asp:GridView>
        <asp:ObjectDataSource ID="ObjectDataSource1" runat="server" SelectMethod="GetData"
                TypeName="AspDotNet.EnablePersistedSelection"></asp:ObjectDataSource>

</asp:Content>

 

EnablePersistedSelection.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace AspDotNet
{
        public partial class EnablePersistedSelection : System.Web.UI.Page
        {
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
                {
                        
                }

                // 为 GridView 提供数据
List<Product> GetData() List<Product> GetData()
                {
                        Random random = new Random();

                        List<Product> products = new List<Product>();
                        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                        {
                                products.Add(new Product { ProductId = i + 1, ProductName = "名称", ProductPrice = random.NextDouble() });
                        }

                        return products;
                }
        }

        // 为 GridView 提供数据的实体类
        public class Product
        {
                public int ProductId { get; set; }
                public string ProductName { get; set; }
                public double ProductPrice { get; set; }
        }
}

 

 

5、控件的其他一些增强点
ControlsEnhancement.aspx

<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" AutoEventWireup="true"
        CodeBehind="ControlsEnhancement.aspx.cs" Inherits="AspDotNet.ControlsEnhancement" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">

        <!--
                RenderOuterTable - 指定控件在客户端呈现的时候，是否在外层加 table 标签
                        FormView，Login，PasswordRecovery，ChangePassword 控件均有此属性    
        -->
        <asp:FormView ID="FormView1" runat="server" DefaultMode="Insert" RenderOuterTable="false">
                <InsertItemTemplate>
                        FormView 的插入模板
                </InsertItemTemplate>
        </asp:FormView>

        <br /><br />

        <!--
                Menu 控件，在 asp.net 4.0 中将会以 ul li 的方式呈现在客户端
        -->
        <asp:Menu ID="Menu1" runat="server">
                <Items>
                        <asp:MenuItem Text="Level 1 - Item 1" Value="1">
                                <asp:MenuItem Text="New Item" Value="3"></asp:MenuItem>
                        </asp:MenuItem>
                        <asp:MenuItem Text="Level 1 - Item 2" Value="2">
                                <asp:MenuItem Text="Level 2 - Item 1" Value="4"></asp:MenuItem>
                                <asp:MenuItem Text="Level 2 - Item 2" Value="5"></asp:MenuItem>
                        </asp:MenuItem>
                </Items>
        </asp:Menu>

        <br /><br />

        <!--
                RepeatLayout - 布局模式，控件在客户端的 HTML 呈现方式
                        RepeatLayout.Flow - 流式布局，一行一个选项
                        RepeatLayout.OrderedList - ol li 布局
                        RepeatLayout.UnorderedList - ul li 布局
                        RepeatLayout.Table - Table 布局
                        CheckBoxList，RadioButton 控件均有此属性
        -->
        <asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxList1" runat="server" RepeatLayout="UnorderedList">
                <asp:ListItem Text="Item1" />
                <asp:ListItem Text="Item2" />
                <asp:ListItem Text="Item3" />
                <asp:ListItem Text="Item4" />
                <asp:ListItem Text="Item5" />
                <asp:ListItem Text="Item6" />
        </asp:CheckBoxList>

        <br /><br />

        <!--
                Wizard 和 CreateUserWizard 新增了 LayoutTemplate 模板 ，如下
                        headerPlaceholder - runtime时，其内容会被 HeaderTemplate 中的内容替换掉
                        sideBarPlaceholder - runtime时，其内容会被 SideBarTemplate 中的内容替换掉
                        wizardStepPlaceholder - runtime时，其内容会被 WizardStepTemplate 中的内容替换掉
                        navigationPlaceholder - runtime时，其内容会被导航模板中的内容替换掉
        -->
        <asp:Wizard ID="Wizard1" runat="server">
                <LayoutTemplate>
                        <div style="background-color: Yellow">
                                <asp:PlaceHolder ID="headerPlaceholder" runat="server" />
                        </div>
                        <asp:PlaceHolder ID="sideBarPlaceholder" runat="server" />
                        <asp:PlaceHolder ID="wizardStepPlaceholder" runat="server" />
                        <div style="background-color: Red">
                                <asp:PlaceHolder ID="navigationPlaceholder" runat="server" />
                        </div>
                </LayoutTemplate>
                <HeaderTemplate>
                        Header
                </HeaderTemplate>
                <WizardSteps>
                        <asp:WizardStep runat="server" Title="Step 1">
                        </asp:WizardStep>
                        <asp:WizardStep runat="server" Title="Step 2">
                        </asp:WizardStep>
                </WizardSteps>
        </asp:Wizard>

        <br /><br />

        <!--
                原来使用 ListView 必须要有 LayoutTemplate ，在 asp.net 4.0 中可以不再用它了
        -->
        <asp:ListView ID="listView" runat="server" ClientIDRowSuffix="ProductId">
                <ItemTemplate>
                        <div style="background-color: Fuchsia">
                                <%# string.Format(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, "{0:c}", Eval("ProductPrice"))%>
                        </div>
                </ItemTemplate>
                <%--
                <LayoutTemplate>
                        <div style="background-color: Fuchsia">
                                <div id="itemPlaceholder" runat="server" />
                        </div>
                </LayoutTemplate>
                --%>
        </asp:ListView>

</asp:Content>

 

ControlsEnhancement.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace AspDotNet
{
        public partial class ControlsEnhancement : System.Web.UI.Page
        {    
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
                {
                        BindData();
                }

                // 绑定数据到 ListView
void BindData() void BindData()
                {
                        Random random = new Random();

                        List<Product> products = new List<Product>();
                        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                        {
                                products.Add(new Product { ProductId = i + 1, ProductName = "名称", ProductPrice = random.NextDouble() });
                        }

                        listView.DataSource = products;
                        listView.DataBind();
                }

                class Product
                {
                        public int ProductId { get; set; }
                        public string ProductName { get; set; }
                        public double ProductPrice { get; set; }
                }
        }
}

 

 

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