在自定义控件的时候,如果我们想额外的添加一些属性,就会用到TypedArray这个类,那么这个类是怎么得到的,以及怎么使用的,这篇讲会详细讲解,下面是我以前自定义控件的一段代码

TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.myaccount_item_style);

我们看到TypedArray是通过Context的方法得到的,但要记住完成之后一定要调用recycle()方法进行回收,我们点进去找到最终实现

public TypedArray obtainStyledAttributes(AttributeSet set,
int[] attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes) {
final int len = attrs.length;
final TypedArray array = TypedArray.obtain(Resources.this, len);

// XXX note that for now we only work with compiled XML files.
// To support generic XML files we will need to manually parse
// out the attributes from the XML file (applying type information
// contained in the resources and such).
final XmlBlock.Parser parser = (XmlBlock.Parser)set;
AssetManager.applyStyle(mTheme, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes,
parser != null ? parser.mParseState : 0, attrs, array.mData, array.mIndices);

array.mTheme = this;
array.mXml = parser;

…………………………
return array;
}

我们先看下面AssetManager的applyStyle方法是native方法,也就是用C++实现的,他会提取自定义控件属性的的值保存TypedArray中的mData数组中,这个数组的大小是由你定义控件属性的个数决定的,是他的6倍,上面的attrs其实就是你自定义属性的个数,我们来看一下


static TypedArray obtain(Resources res, int len) {
final TypedArray attrs = res.mTypedArrayPool.acquire();
if (attrs != null) {
attrs.mLength = len;
attrs.mRecycled = false;

final int fullLen = len * AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;
if (attrs.mData.length >= fullLen) {
return attrs;
}

attrs.mData = new int[fullLen];
attrs.mIndices = new int[1 + len];
return attrs;
}

return new TypedArray(res,
new int[len*AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES],
new int[1+len], len);
}

他首先会从TypedArray池中获取,如果有就取出,mDate的大小不能小于属性个数的6倍,因为STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES的值为6,如果没有就new一个然后返回,把属性的值提取出来之后我们就可以来操作了,我们先来看一下View类初始化中的一段代码

final int N = a.getIndexCount();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
int attr = a.getIndex(i);
switch (attr) {
case com.android.internal.R.styleable.View_background:
background = a.getDrawable(attr);
break;
…………………………
}
}

他会把TypedArray中的数据提取出来对View的属性赋值,我们来看一下TypedArray类的构造方法

/*package*/ TypedArray(Resources resources, int[] data, int[] indices, int len) {
mResources = resources;
mMetrics = mResources.mMetrics;
mAssets = mResources.mAssets;
mData = data;
mIndices = indices;
mLength = len;
}

代码很简单,其中mData就是就是从xml文件中提取到的数据,mData的大小是自定义属性个数的6倍,所以这里是每6个作为一组,我们可以看一下上面的obtain方法中data数组的大小是乘以6(STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES)的,这6种类型如下,定义在AssetManager类中,下面的第一个表示每组6个

/*package*/ static final int STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES = 6;
/*package*/ static final int STYLE_TYPE = 0;
/*package*/ static final int STYLE_DATA = 1;
/*package*/ static final int STYLE_ASSET_COOKIE = 2;
/*package*/ static final int STYLE_RESOURCE_ID = 3;
/*package*/ static final int STYLE_CHANGING_CONFIGURATIONS = 4;
/*package*/ static final int STYLE_DENSITY = 5;

对应着TypedValue类中的这7中类型,其中string是根据type得到的


/** The type held by this value, as defined by the constants here.
* This tells you how to interpret the other fields in the object. */
public int type;

/** If the value holds a string, this is it. */
public CharSequence string;

/** Basic data in the value, interpreted according to {@link #type} */
public int data;

/** Additional information about where the value came from; only
* set for strings. */
public int assetCookie;

/** If Value came from a resource, this holds the corresponding resource id. */
public int resourceId;

/** If Value came from a resource, these are the configurations for which
* its contents can change. */
public int changingConfigurations = -1;

/**
* If the Value came from a resource, this holds the corresponding pixel density.
* */
public int density;

如果我们认真看的时候就会发现obtain方法中对mIndices数组初始化的时候是加1的,因为mIndices数组的第一个保存的是我们所使用属性的个数,记住是使用不是定义,我们来看一下其中的一些代码

/**
* Return the number of values in this array.
*/
public int length() {
if (mRecycled) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot make calls to a recycled instance!");
}

return mLength;
}

/**
* Return the number of indices in the array that actually have data.
*/
public int getIndexCount() {
if (mRecycled) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot make calls to a recycled instance!");
}

return mIndices[0];
}

第一个length返回的是我们所定义属性的个数,因为这个参数是在构造函数中赋值的,传递的是int[] attrs的长度,而这个sttrs就是我们在attrs文件中自定义属性的时候在R文件中自动生成的一个数组。而下面的getIndexCount()方法返回的是我们所使用的属性个数,因为mIndices的数据是从xml文件中提取的,第一个位置保存的是我们使用属性的个数,后面的位置就是我们使用的自定义属性在R文件中生成的id,在看一个方法,也是自定义的时候常用到的

public int getIndex(int at) {
if (mRecycled) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot make calls to a recycled instance!");
}

return mIndices[1+at];
}

这个得到的就是自定义属性在R文件中生成的id,剩下的一些方法就是从TypedArray中提取值了,主要有以下几种类型

<declare-styleable name="CustomTheme">
<attr name="textView1" format="string" />
<attr name="textView2" format="boolean" />
<attr name="textView3" format="integer" />
<attr name="textView4" format="float" />
<attr name="textView5" format="color" />
<attr name="textView6" format="dimension" />
<attr name="textView7" format="fraction" />
<attr name="textView8" format="reference" />
<attr name="textView9" format="enum" />
<attr name="textView10" format="flags" />
</declare-styleable>

TypedArray方法比较多,这里就捡常用的几个来分析一下,在分析之前先看一下下面这个方法

private CharSequence loadStringValueAt(int index) {
final int[] data = mData;
final int cookie = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_ASSET_COOKIE];
if (cookie < 0) {
if (mXml != null) {
return mXml.getPooledString(
data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA]);
}
return null;
}
return mAssets.getPooledStringForCookie(cookie, data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA]);
}

上面所说的每6个一组,其中每组下标为STYLE_ASSET_COOKIE(2)的是用来标记缓存的,并且是只对String类型的,我们来看一下

private boolean getValueAt(int index, TypedValue outValue) {
final int[] data = mData;
final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];
if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_NULL) {
return false;
}
outValue.type = type;
outValue.data = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA];
outValue.assetCookie = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_ASSET_COOKIE];
outValue.resourceId = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_RESOURCE_ID];
outValue.changingConfigurations = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_CHANGING_CONFIGURATIONS];
outValue.density = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DENSITY];
outValue.string = (type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) ? loadStringValueAt(index) : null;
return true;
}

上面这个方法是把mData指定范围的6个数据提取到outValue中,其中string值通过type类型得到的,我们再来看一下assetCookie的注释

/** Additional information about where the value came from; only
* set for strings. */
public int assetCookie;

所以他只针对String类型,我们再来看一下String类型的注释

/** The <var>string</var> field holds string data.  In addition, if
* <var>data</var> is non-zero then it is the string block
* index of the string and <var>assetCookie</var> is the set of
* assets the string came from. */
public static final int TYPE_STRING = 0x03;

所以他只针对string类型的数据进行提取,比如text,String,color等,color可以是string类型也可以是int类型,还看上面的loadStringValueAt方法,如果cookie小于0,说明没有缓存,就会从xml中解析,否则就从缓存中取

/*package*/ final CharSequence getPooledStringForCookie(int cookie, int id) {
// Cookies map to string blocks starting at 1.
return mStringBlocks[cookie - 1].get(id);

我们来看一下是怎么从xml中解析的,看到上面的obtainStyledAttributes方法,会发现这样一段代码 array.mXml = parser;其中parser就是View及其子类在初始化的时候传递的AttributeSet,我们在前面的《​​Android LayoutInflater源码分析及使用(二)​​》中讲到,View及其子类创建的时候是通过反射来初始化的,我们来回顾一下

public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
Class<? extends View> clazz = null;

try {
…………………………
constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
…………………………

Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
args[1] = attrs;

constructor.setAccessible(true);
final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
…………………………
return view;

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
…………………………
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
}

其中attrs是通过Resource的loadXmlResourceParser方法加载的,我们看一下

/*package*/ XmlResourceParser loadXmlResourceParser(int id, String type)
throws NotFoundException {
synchronized (mAccessLock) {
TypedValue value = mTmpValue;
if (value == null) {
mTmpValue = value = new TypedValue();
}
getValue(id, value, true);
if (value.type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {
return loadXmlResourceParser(value.string.toString(), id,
value.assetCookie, type);
}
throw new NotFoundException(
"Resource ID #0x" + Integer.toHexString(id) + " type #0x"
+ Integer.toHexString(value.type) + " is not valid");
}
}

剩下的就是涉及到Xml的解析,这里就不在作深入探讨,言归正传,还回到刚才的loadStringValueAt方法,如果缓存中存在就从缓存中去,如果不存在就通过xml解析获取。下面在看一下一些常用的方法,其中getText(int index)和getString(int index)差不多,我们就来看一下getString(int index)方法

public String getString(int index) {
if (mRecycled) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot make calls to a recycled instance!");
}

index *= AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;
final int[] data = mData;
final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];
if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_NULL) {
return null;
} else if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {
return loadStringValueAt(index).toString();
}

TypedValue v = mValue;
if (getValueAt(index, v)) {
Log.w(Resources.TAG, "Converting to string: " + v);
CharSequence cs = v.coerceToString();
return cs != null ? cs.toString() : null;
}
Log.w(Resources.TAG, "getString of bad type: 0x"
+ Integer.toHexString(type));
return null;
}

上面的index要乘以6(STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES),因为是每6个一组的,如果type为null就返回空,如果为String类型就会调用loadStringValueAt方法获取我们设置的值。有一点要注意,如果我们在attrs中设置的format类型和我们自定义设置的参数不符的话,当运行的时候是会报错的,必须要设置相符并clean才能解决。否则就执行下面的方法,强制转换为字符串,代码比较简单,这里就不再贴出。在来看下一个bool类型和int类型的,由于这两个差不多,就随便挑一个

public int getInt(int index, int defValue) {
index *= AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;
final int[] data = mData;
final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];
if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_NULL) {
return defValue;
} else if (type >= TypedValue.TYPE_FIRST_INT
&& type <= TypedValue.TYPE_LAST_INT) {
return data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA];
}

TypedValue v = mValue;
if (getValueAt(index, v)) {
Log.w(Resources.TAG, "Converting to int: " + v);
return XmlUtils.convertValueToInt(
v.coerceToString(), defValue);
}
Log.w(Resources.TAG, "getInt of bad type: 0x"
+ Integer.toHexString(type));
return defValue;
}

上面的类型如果大于TYPE_FIRST_INT并且小于TYPE_LAST_INT的时候就从mDate中提取值,这个不知道为什么要这样写,不过从他的范围来看也就int,Boolean,color三种是这样取值的

/** Identifies the start of integer values that were specified as
* color constants (starting with '#'). */
public static final int TYPE_FIRST_COLOR_INT = 0x1c;

/** The <var>data</var> field holds a color that was originally
* specified as #aarrggbb. */
public static final int TYPE_INT_COLOR_ARGB8 = 0x1c;
/** The <var>data</var> field holds a color that was originally
* specified as #rrggbb. */
public static final int TYPE_INT_COLOR_RGB8 = 0x1d;
/** The <var>data</var> field holds a color that was originally
* specified as #argb. */
public static final int TYPE_INT_COLOR_ARGB4 = 0x1e;
/** The <var>data</var> field holds a color that was originally
* specified as #rgb. */
public static final int TYPE_INT_COLOR_RGB4 = 0x1f;

/** Identifies the end of integer values that were specified as color
* constants. */
public static final int TYPE_LAST_COLOR_INT = 0x1f;

/** Identifies the end of plain integer values. */
public static final int TYPE_LAST_INT = 0x1f;

如果范围不在TYPE_FIRST_INT和TYPE_LAST_INT之间,就会把mData指定位置上的值提取到TypedValue中,然后在强制转化,如果没有提取到就会返回一个默认值,因为如果在attrs中定义但没有用到,就会返回一个默认值。我们来看一下是怎么转化的

public static final int
convertValueToInt(CharSequence charSeq, int defaultValue)
{
if (null == charSeq)
return defaultValue;

String nm = charSeq.toString();

// XXX This code is copied from Integer.decode() so we don't
// have to instantiate an Integer!

int value;
int sign = 1;
int index = 0;
int len = nm.length();
int base = 10;

if ('-' == nm.charAt(0)) {
sign = -1;
index++;
}

if ('0' == nm.charAt(index)) {
// Quick check for a zero by itself
if (index == (len - 1))
return 0;

char c = nm.charAt(index + 1);

if ('x' == c || 'X' == c) {
index += 2;
base = 16;
} else {
index++;
base = 8;
}
}
else if ('#' == nm.charAt(index))
{
index++;
base = 16;
}

return Integer.parseInt(nm.substring(index), base) * sign;
}

这个很好理解,转化为int类型有0开头的8进制,0x开头的16进制,还有#开头的color值,如果转化之前是负数,转化之后还要乘以-1(sign)。再来看一个

public int getColor(int index, int defValue) {
index *= AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;
final int[] data = mData;
final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];
if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_NULL) {
return defValue;
} else if (type >= TypedValue.TYPE_FIRST_INT
&& type <= TypedValue.TYPE_LAST_INT) {
return data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA];
} else if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_STRING) {
final TypedValue value = mValue;
if (getValueAt(index, value)) {
ColorStateList csl = mResources.loadColorStateList(
value, value.resourceId);
return csl.getDefaultColor();
}
return defValue;
}

throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Can't convert to color: type=0x"
+ Integer.toHexString(type));
}

这个就不用多说了,因为color有String和int两种类型,如果是String类型就会返回ColorStateList的默认值,因为ColorStateList可能有好几种类型,但必须都是false的才是默认的,下面随便看一个,下面这些提取之后默认的就是green,因为只有他的所有状态都是false。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

<item android:state_pressed="true" android:color="@color/blue"/>
<item android:state_pressed="false" android:state_selected="true" android:color="@color/yellow"/>
<item android:state_pressed="false" android:state_selected="false" android:color="@color/green"/>

</selector>

下面在看最后一个方法

public int getLayoutDimension(int index, String name) {
index *= AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;
final int[] data = mData;
final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];
if (type >= TypedValue.TYPE_FIRST_INT
&& type <= TypedValue.TYPE_LAST_INT) {
return data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA];
} else if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_DIMENSION) {
return TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(
data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA], mResources.mMetrics);
}

throw new RuntimeException(getPositionDescription()
+ ": You must supply a " + name + " attribute.");
}

看方法名大概就知道是获取layout的尺寸的,大致看一下,在ViewGroup中

protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {
width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width");
height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height");
}

其中获取到的值有3种,一种是精确的我们给的大于0的,一种是-1(MATCH_PARENT),另一种是-2(WRAP_CONTENT),记得在讲到《​​Android LayoutInflater源码分析及使用(二)​​》的时候说到,xml的属性除了宽和高以外在初始化的时候基本上都能提取到,但宽和高是不行的,因为他是最终计算出来的,如果大家自定义View继承View的时候,要必须重写onMeasure方法,重新计算他的宽和高,如果我们不计算,当我们使用MATCH_PARENT或WRAP_CONTENT属性的时候,结果是完全一样的,尺寸都是填满剩下的屏幕,如果不重写onMeasure方法,在xml文件中把他的宽和高都写死也行,但这样不够灵活,我们来看一下为什么要重写

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}

我们看到View中的getDefaultSize方法,AT_MOST和EXACTLY返回的结果都是一样的,如果想看建议看一下ViewGroup的getChildMeasureSpec方法,这个就不在贴出,可以自己去看。OK,TypedArray中剩下的方法基本上也都非常相似,这里就不在一一讲述。