1 分区命令
fdisk ：小于2T的空间，磁盘标签为dos
parted ： 大于2T的空间，磁盘标签为GPT或者MBR
2 查看分区命令
查看分区信息
fdisk -l
#查看文件系统、UUID等
lsblk -f
#查看UUID
blkid3 磁盘管理
一般dos标签的磁盘分区方案建议为3个主分区一个扩展分区
root@pgsql166:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.39.3).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS (MBR) disklabel with disk identifier 0xc5faf2d4.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Disk model: Virtual Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc5faf2d4
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +10g
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Disk model: Virtual Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc5faf2d4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 20971520 10G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区创建完成后，使用partprobe 命令 激活新创建分区表
partprobe格式化磁盘（mkfs.xfs、mkfs.xfs)
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1挂载目录
mount /dev/sdb1 /data
开机自动挂载目录
umount
umount /data
#延迟卸载目录（当文件被系统占用时，使用-l参数后会等系统使用完自动卸载，且期间其他程序无法使用）
umount -l /data卸载目录经常出现报错umount: /data: target is busy.
#lsof 查看哪个进程在占用此目录
lsof +d /data4 文件系统的检查与修复
建议卸载挂载目录后修复
#ext4文件系统
fsck -p /dev/sdc2
#xfs文件系统
xfs_repair /dev/sdb1
