临近放假,相信我们每天都在群聊里或者朋友圈看到一些帮忙抢火车票的信息。看到朋友们抢回家的车票这么辛(bei)苦(can),结合圈里一些前辈的指点,抱着学习的心态用Python做了一个简单的自动化抢票程序,抢到票之后通过绑定的邮箱(比如QQ)发通知。下面分享主要内容:

版本号 Python 3.6.5

编译器 PyCharm PRO 2018.1

浏览器 Google Chrome 71.0.3

python 抢票 python抢票程序原理_开发语言

首先,我们用到一个Splinter库:

相信做自动化测试、自动化爬虫的朋友都知道Selenium工具,它可以把人为驱动行为转化为机器执行,Splinter的药效跟它是一样的。我们可以进去cmd后用 pip install splinter

这个命令来安装。

然后,开始使劲地码:

python 抢票 python抢票程序原理_python_02

1. 定义自动购票的类(初始化属性)

class Buy_Tickets(object):

# 定义实例属性,初始化

def __init__(self, username, passwd, order, passengers, dtime, starts, ends):

self.username = username

self.passwd = passwd

self.order = order # 车次,0代表所有车次

self.passengers = passengers # 乘客名

self.starts = starts # 起始地和终点

self.ends = ends

self.dtime = dtime # 日期

self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'

self.initMy_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html'

self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'

self.driver_name = 'chrome'

self.executable_path = 'C:\python\chromedriver.exe'

2. 实现登录功能

def login(self):

self.driver.visit(self.login_url)

self.driver.fill('loginUserDTO.user_name', self.username)

# sleep(1)

self.driver.fill('userDTO.password', self.passwd)

# sleep(1)

print('请输入验证码...')

while True:

if self.driver.url != self.initMy_url:

sleep(1)

else:

break

3. 实现购票功能

def start_buy(self):

self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name, executable_path=self.executable_path)

# 窗口大小的操作

self.driver.driver.set_window_size(1200, 700)

self.login()

self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)

try:

print('开始购票...')

# 加载查询信息

self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.starts})

self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.ends})

self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.dtime})

self.driver.reload()

count = 0

if self.order != 0:

while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:

self.driver.find_by_text('查询').click()

count += 1

print('第%d次点击查询...' % count)

try:

self.driver.find_by_text('预订')[self.order - 1].click()

sleep(1.5)

except Exception as e:

print(e)

print('预订失败...')

continue

python 抢票 python抢票程序原理_python 抢票_03

4. 邮箱通知付款

def sendMail(self, mail_title, mail_content):

my_sender = 'xxx@qq.com' # 发件人邮箱账号

my_user = 'xxxx@qq.com' # 收件人邮箱账号

try:

'''发送邮件'''

msg = MIMEText(mail_content, "plain", 'utf-8') # 发送邮件内容

msg["Subject"] = Header(mail_title, 'utf-8') # 发送邮件主题/标题

msg["From"] = formataddr(['Bruce pk', my_sender]) # 邮件发送方

msg["To"] = formataddr(['brucepk', my_user]) # 邮件接收方

s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.qq.com", 25) # 邮箱的传输协议,端口默认25

s.login(my_sender, 'xxxxx') # 登录邮箱,这里的第二个参数为qq邮箱授权码,不要填你的登录密码

s.sendmail(my_sender, [my_user, ], msg.as_string()) # 发送方,接收方,发送消息

s.quit() # 退出邮箱

print("抢票通知邮件发送成功!")

except Exception:

print("邮件发送失败~~")

还有,网络不好或者12306的服务器不稳定的时候,就会卡住,针对这种情况,系统会重复查询:

else:

while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:

self.driver.find_by_text('查询').click()

count += 1

print('第%d次点击查询...' % count)

try:

for i in self.driver.find_by_text('预订'):

i.click()

sleep(1)

except Exception as e:

print(e)

print('预订失败...')

continue

print('开始预订...')

sleep(1)

print('开始选择用户...')

for p in self.passengers:

self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click()

sleep(0.5)

if p[-1] == ')':

self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click()

sleep(3)

print('提交订单...')

self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()

sleep(5)

print('确认选座...')

self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()

print('预订成功...')

sleep(5)

self.sendMail(mail_title, mail_content)

except Exception as e:

print(e)