探针是由kubelet对容器执行的定期诊断
探针的三种规则：
●livenessProbe ：判断容器是否正在运行。如果探测失败，则kubelet会杀死容器，并且容器将根据 restartPolicy 来设置 Pod 状态。如果容器不提供存活探针，则默认状态为Success。
●readinessProbe ：判断容器是否准备好接受请求。如果探测失败，端点控制器将从与 Pod 匹配的所有 service endpoints 中剔除删除该Pod的IP地址。初始延迟之前的就绪状态默认为Failure。如果容器不提供就绪探针，则默认状态为Success。
●startupProbe（这个1.17版本增加的）：判断容器内的应用程序是否已启动，主要针对于不能确定具体启动时间的应用。如果配置了 startupProbe 探测，在则在 startupProbe 状态为 Success 之前，其他所有探针都处于无效状态，直到它成功后其他探针才起作用。 如果 startupProbe 失败，kubelet 将杀死容器，容器将根据 restartPolicy 来重启。如果容器没有配置 startupProbe， 则默认状态为 Success
注：以上规则可以同时定义。在readinessProbe检测成功之前，Pod的running状态是不会变成ready状态的
Probe支持三种检查方法：
●exec
●tcpSocket ：对指定端口上的容器的IP地址进行TCP检查（三次握手）。如果端口打开，则诊断被认为是成功的
●httpGet
每次探测都将获得以下三种结果之一：
●成功：容器通过了诊断。
●失败：容器未通过诊断。
●未知：诊断失败，因此不会采取任何行动
======示例1：exec方式======
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
test: liveness
name: liveness-exec
spec:
containers:
- name: liveness
image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
args:
- /bin/sh
- -c
- touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/healthy; sleep 60
livenessProbe:
exec:
command:
- cat
- /tmp/healthy
failureThreshold: 1
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 5
#initialDelaySeconds：指定 kubelet 在执行第一次探测前应该等待5秒，即第一次探测是在容器启动后的第6秒才开始执行。默认是 0 秒，最小值是 0。
#periodSeconds：指定了 kubelet 应该每 5 秒执行一次存活探测。默认是 10 秒。最小值是 1。
#failureThreshold: 当探测失败时，Kubernetes 将在放弃之前重试的次数。 存活探测情况下的放弃就意味着重新启动容器。就绪探测情况下的放弃 Pod 会被打上未就绪的标签。默认值是 3。最小值是 1。
#timeoutSeconds：探测的超时后等待多少秒。默认值是 1 秒。最小值是 1。（在 Kubernetes 1.20 版本之前，exec 探针会忽略 timeoutSeconds 探针会无限期地 持续运行，甚至可能超过所配置的限期，直到返回结果为止。）
vim exec.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: liveness-exec
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- name: liveness-exec-container
image: busybox
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command: ["/bin/sh","-c","touch /tmp/live ; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/live; sleep 3600"]
livenessProbe:
exec:
command: ["test","-e","/tmp/live"]
initialDelaySeconds: 1
periodSeconds: 3
kubectl create -f exec.yaml
kubectl describe pods liveness-exec
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 51s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/liveness-exec-pod to node02
Normal Pulled 46s kubelet, node02 Container image "busybox" already present on machine
Normal Created 46s kubelet, node02 Created container liveness-exec-container
Normal Started 45s kubelet, node02 Started container liveness-exec-container
Warning Unhealthy 8s (x3 over 14s) kubelet, node02 Liveness probe failed:
Normal Killing 8s kubelet, node02 Container liveness-exec-container failed liveness probe,will be restarted
kubectl get pods -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-exec 1/1 Running 1 85s可以看到 Pod 中只有一个容器。kubelet 在执行第一次探测前需要等待 5 秒，kubelet 会每 5 秒执行一次存活探测。kubelet 在容器内执行命令 cat /tmp/healthy 来进行探测。如果命令执行成功并且返回值为 0，kubelet 就会认为这个容器是健康存活的。 当到达第 31 秒时，这个命令返回非 0 值，kubelet 会杀死这个容器并重新启动它
======示例2：httpGet方式======
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
test: liveness
name: liveness-http
spec:
containers:
- name: liveness
image: k8s.gcr.io/liveness
args:
- /server
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 8080
httpHeaders:
- name: Custom-Header
value: Awesome
initialDelaySeconds: 3
periodSeconds: 3
在这个配置文件中，可以看到 Pod 也只有一个容器。initialDelaySeconds 字段告诉 kubelet 在执行第一次探测前应该等待 3 秒。periodSeconds 字段指定了 kubelet 每隔 3 秒执行一次存活探测。kubelet 会向容器内运行的服务（服务会监听 8080 端口）发送一个 HTTP GET
请求来执行探测。如果服务器上 /healthz 路径下的处理程序返回成功代码，则 kubelet 认为容器是健康存活的。如果处理程序返回失败代码，则 kubelet 会杀死这个容器并且重新启动它。
任何大于或等于 200 并且小于 400 的返回代码标示成功，其它返回代码都标示失败。
vim httpget.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: liveness-httpget
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- name: liveness-httpget-container
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
port: http
path: /index.html
initialDelaySeconds: 1
periodSeconds: 3
timeoutSeconds: 10
kubectl create -f httpget.yaml
kubectl exec -it liveness-httpget -- rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-httpget 1/1 Running 1 2m44s======示例3：tcpSocket方式======
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: goproxy
labels:
app: goproxy
spec:
containers:
- name: goproxy
image: k8s.gcr.io/goproxy:0.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
readinessProbe:
tcpSocket:
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 10
livenessProbe:
tcpSocket:
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 20
这个例子同时使用 readinessProbe 和 livenessProbe 探测。kubelet 会在容器启动 5 秒后发送第一个 readinessProbe 探测。这会尝试连接 goproxy 容器的 8080 端口。如果探测成功，kubelet 将继续每隔 10 秒运行一次检测。除了 readinessProbe 探测，这个配置包括
了一个 livenessProbe 探测。kubelet 会在容器启动 15 秒后进行第一次 livenessProbe 探测。就像 readinessProbe 探测一样，会尝试连接 goproxy 容器的 8080 端口。如果 livenessProbe 探测失败，这个容器会被重新启动。
vim tcpsocket.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: probe-tcp
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
livenessProbe:
initialDelaySeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 1
tcpSocket:
port: 8080
periodSeconds: 3
kubectl create -f tcpsocket.yaml
kubectl exec -it probe-tcp -- netstat -natp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/nginx: master pro
kubectl get pods -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
probe-tcp 1/1 Running 0 4s
probe-tcp 1/1 Running 1 14s
probe-tcp 1/1 Running 2 26s======示例4：就绪检测======
vim readiness-httpget.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: readiness-httpget
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- name: readiness-httpget-container
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
port: 80
path: /index1.html
initialDelaySeconds: 1
periodSeconds: 3
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
port: http
path: /index.html
initialDelaySeconds: 1
periodSeconds: 3
timeoutSeconds: 10
kubectl create -f readiness-httpget.yaml
//readiness探测失败，无法进入READY状态
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
readiness-httpget 0/1 Running 0 18s
kubectl exec -it readiness-httpget sh
# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
# ls
50x.html index.html
# echo 123 > index1.html
# exit
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
readiness-httpget 1/1 Running 0 2m31s
kubectl exec -it readiness-httpget -- rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
kubectl get pods -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
readiness-httpget 1/1 Running 0 4m10s
readiness-httpget 0/1 Running 1 4m15s======示例5：就绪检测2======
vim readiness-myapp.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: myapp1
labels:
app: myapp
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
port: 80
path: /index.html
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 10
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: myapp2
labels:
app: myapp
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
port: 80
path: /index.html
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 10
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: myapp3
labels:
app: myapp
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
port: 80
path: /index.html
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 10
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myapp
spec:
selector:
app: myapp
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
kubectl create -f readiness-myapp.yaml
kubectl get pods,svc,endpoints -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/myapp1 1/1 Running 0 3m42s 10.244.2.13 node02 <none> <none>
pod/myapp2 1/1 Running 0 3m42s 10.244.1.15 node01 <none> <none>
pod/myapp3 1/1 Running 0 3m42s 10.244.2.14 node02 <none> <none>
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
......
service/myapp ClusterIP 10.96.138.13 <none> 80/TCP 3m42s app=myapp
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
......
endpoints/myapp 10.244.1.15:80,10.244.2.13:80,10.244.2.14:80 3m42s
kubectl exec -it pod/myapp1 -- rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
//readiness探测失败，Pod 无法进入READY状态，且端点控制器将从 endpoints 中剔除删除该 Pod 的 IP 地址
kubectl get pods,svc,endpoints -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/myapp1 0/1 Running 0 5m17s 10.244.2.13 node02 <none> <none>
pod/myapp2 1/1 Running 0 5m17s 10.244.1.15 node01 <none> <none>
pod/myapp3 1/1 Running 0 5m17s 10.244.2.14 node02 <none> <none>
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
......
service/myapp ClusterIP 10.96.138.13 <none> 80/TCP 5m17s app=myapp
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
......
endpoints/myapp 10.244.1.15:80,10.244.2.14:80 5m17s======启动、退出动作======
vim post.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: lifecycle-demo
spec:
containers:
- name: lifecycle-demo-container
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
lifecycle: #此为关键字段
postStart:
exec:
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Hello from the postStart handler >> /var/log/nginx/message"]
preStop:
exec:
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Hello from the poststop handler >> /var/log/nginx/message"]
volumeMounts:
- name: message-log
mountPath: /var/log/nginx/
readOnly: false
initContainers:
- name: init-myservice
image: soscscs/myapp:v1
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo 'Hello initContainers' >> /var/log/nginx/message"]
volumeMounts:
- name: message-log
mountPath: /var/log/nginx/
readOnly: false
volumes:
- name: message-log
hostPath:
path: /data/volumes/nginx/log/
type: DirectoryOrCreate
kubectl create -f post.yaml
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
lifecycle-demo 1/1 Running 0 2m8s 10.244.2.28 node02 <none> <none>
kubectl exec -it lifecycle-demo -- cat /var/log/nginx/message
Hello initContainers
Hello from the postStart handler
//在 node02 节点上查看
[root@node02 ~]# cd /data/volumes/nginx/log/
[root@node02 log]# ls
access.log error.log message
[root@node02 log]# cat message
Hello initContainers
Hello from the postStart handler
#由上可知，init Container先执行，然后当一个主容器启动后，Kubernetes 将立即发送 postStart 事件。
//删除 pod 后，再在 node02 节点上查看
kubectl delete pod lifecycle-demo
[root@node02 log]# cat message
Hello initContainers
Hello from the postStart handler
Hello from the poststop handler
#由上可知，当在容器被终结之前， Kubernetes 将发送一个 preStop 事件。
本文章为转载内容，我们尊重原作者对文章享有的著作权。如有内容错误或侵权问题，欢迎原作者联系我们进行内容更正或删除文章。
