经常看到一些类,有的说线程安全,有的说线程不安全,顿时懵逼。
线程安全不安全,主要是在多线程执行的情况下,如果由于线程之间抢占资源而造成程序的bug即为线程不安全,下面就拿arraylist 和Vector来举个例子:
这里的arraylist 是线程不安全的,Vector是线程安全的
package Thread;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class MyThread implements Runnable{
private List<Object> list;
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
public MyThread(){}
public MyThread(List<Object> list,CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
this.list=list;
this.countDownLatch=countDownLatch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//给每个线程添加10个元素
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
list.add(new Object());
}
//完成一个子线程
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
package Thread;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class ThreadTest {
/**
* 这里要比较的是arraylist 和Vector来测试
* arraylist 是线程不安全的
* Vector 线程安全的
*
*/
public static void test(){
//用来测试的list集合
List<Object> list= new ArrayList<Object>();
//List<Object> list = new Vector<Object>();
//线程数
int threadCount =10000;
//用来让主线等待thread 个执行完毕
CountDownLatch count=new CountDownLatch(threadCount);
for(int i=0;i<threadCount;i++){
Thread thread=new Thread(new MyThread(list, count));
thread.start();
}
try {
//主线程所有都执行完成后,再向下执行
count.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
test();
}
}
}
运行结构:
99995
99998
99989
99973
99894
99970
99974
99977
99990
99989
当使用Vector时,即把测试的集合换一下
package Thread;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class ThreadTest {
/**
* 这里要比较的是arraylist 和Vector来测试
* arraylist 是线程不安全的
* Vector 线程安全的
*
*/
public static void test(){
//用来测试的list集合
//List<Object> list= new ArrayList<Object>();
List<Object> list = new Vector<Object>();
//线程数
int threadCount =10000;
//用来让主线等待thread 个执行完毕
CountDownLatch count=new CountDownLatch(threadCount);
for(int i=0;i<threadCount;i++){
Thread thread=new Thread(new MyThread(list, count));
thread.start();
}
try {
//主线程所有都执行完成后,再向下执行
count.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
test();
}
}
}
这样运行的结果:
100000
100000
100000
100000
100000
100000
100000
100000
100000
100000
很明显,使用Vector 这个类运行正确,这就是所谓的线程安全
当然,这只是代码层面上的,其实多线程不安全,主要因为cpu分配机制,谁获得了cpu谁就能执行,因此造成了线程的不安全.
我们可以使用synchronized 关键字来同步代码块,达到线程安全:
下面举个synchronized同步的例子:
package Thread1;
public class Bank {
private int sum = 0;
public void add(int n) {
sum = sum + n;
System.out.println("sum= " + sum);
}
}
package Thread1;
public class Cus implements Runnable {
Bank b = new Bank();
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
b.add(100);
}
}
}
package Thread1;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cus c = new Cus();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
new Thread(c).start();
}
}
}
没有使用synchronized修饰的时候,运行结构是:
sum= 100
sum= 400
sum= 500
sum= 300
sum= 200
sum= 600
sum= 800
sum= 700
sum= 900
当然synchronized 必须要在线程运行的代码块中修饰:
package Thread1;
public class Bank {
private int sum = 0;
public void add(int n) {
sum = sum + n;
System.out.println("sum= " + sum);
}
}
package Thread1;
public class Cus implements Runnable {
Bank b = new Bank();
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized(this){
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
b.add(100);
}
}
}
}
package Thread1;
public class Test {
public static void main (String [] args) {
Cus c = new Cus();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
new Thread(c).start();
}
}
}
这样保证,每次只有一个线程在运行,结果为:
sum= 100
sum= 200
sum= 300
sum= 400
sum= 500
sum= 600
sum= 700
sum= 800
sum= 900
OK,OVER
每天进步一点点,坚持下去