我看了很多十进制转换十六进制的文章,几乎全部都是利用scanf()函数写的,这和我想实现的功能并不一样,因为scanf是通过键盘进行输入,我只是想将一个数组里的十进制数通过调用一个函数转换为十六进制数然后储存到另一个数组里,于是我打算自己写一个转换函数。
关于十进制转十六进制
十进制转十六进制的方法网上介绍的很多,这里简单说明一下。用十进制的数除以十六,得到的余数保留,得到的商继续除以十六,直至除到商为0为止,将先得到的余数排在最右边,后得到的按照顺序依次往左排,排完所有的余数之后,便得到了十进制对应的十六进制数。更详细的教程可以去百度。
我用的编译器是keil5,支持标准C的编译器应该均适用。
函数整体结构:
代码的结构很简单,就是for循环里面嵌套几个if、else if做判断,if里面用switch语句判断余数,根据余数大小来判断接下来要做的操作。
for循环的次数由你想转换多少个十进制数来定,可以创建一个数组,通过函数形参传入函数内部,case语句里面就是实现一个循环右移的操作。函数很简单,大家不要因为太长被吓到,菜鸟都能看的懂。如果编译环境一样,应该可以直接用。
代码实现
#define length_16 4
unsigned short int HexData_16[length_16]; //用于缓存16位十六进制数的区域
/* --------------十进制(16位)转换为十六进制---------------- */
void Dec2Hex_16(unsigned short int* temp)
{
int i,j,m,n,x;
unsigned short int Hex = 0xFFFF;
unsigned short int Dec = 0;
unsigned short int rem = 0; //定义余数变量
unsigned short int mer = 0; //定义商变量
for(i = 0;i < length_16;i++) //有几个数要转换,length_16就等于几
{
Dec = temp[i];
if(Dec >= 4096)
{
for(j = 0;j < 4;j++) //大于4096的数,要对数除四次商才为0
{
rem = Dec % 16;
mer = Dec / 16;
Dec = mer;
switch(rem) //看余数为多少
{
case 0:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF0; //如果为0,则让16进制数最后四位赋0
Hex >>= 4; //然后右移四位,让下一个四位在下一个循环进行运算
Hex |= 0x0000; //这里是实现一个循环右移的效果,其实就是就是将移除的数再赋值给最左边
break;
}
case 1:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF1;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x1000;
break;
}
case 2:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF2;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x2000;
break;
}
case 3:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF3;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x3000;
break;
}
case 4:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF4;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x4000;
break;
}
case 5:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF5;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x5000;
break;
}
case 6:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF6;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x6000;
break;
}
case 7:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF7;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x7000;
break;
}
case 8:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF8;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x8000;
break;
}
case 9:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF9;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x9000;
break;
}
case 10:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFA;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xA000;
break;
}
case 11:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFB;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xB000;
break;
}
case 12:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFC;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xC000;
break;
}
case 13:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFD;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xD000;
break;
}
case 14:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFE;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xE000;
break;
}
case 15:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFF;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xF000;
break;
}
}
}
}
else if(Dec >= 256 && Dec < 4096)
{
for(m = 0;m < 3;m++) //这里只循环3次,因为256~4095的数除3次余数便为0,循环四次的话结果不对
{
rem = Dec % 16;
mer = Dec / 16;
Dec = mer;
switch(rem)
{
case 0:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
break;
}
case 1:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF1;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x1000;
break;
}
case 2:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF2;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x2000;
break;
}
case 3:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF3;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x3000;
break;
}
case 4:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF4;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x4000;
break;
}
case 5:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF5;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x5000;
break;
}
case 6:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF6;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x6000;
break;
}
case 7:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF7;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x7000;
break;
}
case 8:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF8;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x8000;
break;
}
case 9:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF9;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x9000;
break;
}
case 10:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFA;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xA000;
break;
}
case 11:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFB;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xB000;
break;
}
case 12:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFC;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xC000;
break;
}
case 13:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFD;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xD000;
break;
}
case 14:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFE;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xE000;
break;
}
case 15:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFF;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xF000;
break;
}
}
}
/* 上面的for循环循环了3次,这样会导致前三个数是正常的,最后一个数是F,
得到的结果也是错的,所以要再右移一次,给最左边赋0 */
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
}
else if(Dec >= 16 && Dec < 256)
{
for(n = 0;n < 2;n++)
{
rem = Dec % 16;
mer = Dec / 16;
Dec = mer;
switch(rem)
{
case 0:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
break;
}
case 1:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF1;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x1000;
break;
}
case 2:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF2;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x2000;
break;
}
case 3:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF3;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x3000;
break;
}
case 4:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF4;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x4000;
break;
}
case 5:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF5;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x5000;
break;
}
case 6:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF6;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x6000;
break;
}
case 7:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF7;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x7000;
break;
}
case 8:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF8;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x8000;
break;
}
case 9:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF9;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x9000;
break;
}
case 10:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFA;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xA000;
break;
}
case 11:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFB;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xB000;
break;
}
case 12:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFC;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xC000;
break;
}
case 13:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFD;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xD000;
break;
}
case 14:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFE;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xE000;
break;
}
case 15:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFF;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xF000;
break;
}
}
}
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
}
else if(Dec > 0 && Dec < 16)
{
for(x = 0;x < 1;x++)
{
rem = Dec % 16;
mer = Dec / 16;
Dec = mer;
switch(rem)
{
case 0:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
break;
}
case 1:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF1;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x1000;
break;
}
case 2:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF2;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x2000;
break;
}
case 3:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF3;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x3000;
break;
}
case 4:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF4;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x4000;
break;
}
case 5:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF5;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x5000;
break;
}
case 6:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF6;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x6000;
break;
}
case 7:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF7;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x7000;
break;
}
case 8:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF8;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x8000;
break;
}
case 9:
{
Hex &= 0xFFF9;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x9000;
break;
}
case 10:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFA;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xA000;
break;
}
case 11:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFB;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xB000;
break;
}
case 12:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFC;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xC000;
break;
}
case 13:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFD;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xD000;
break;
}
case 14:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFE;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xE000;
break;
}
case 15:
{
Hex &= 0xFFFF;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0xF000;
break;
}
}
}
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
Hex &= 0xFFF0;
Hex >>= 4;
Hex |= 0x0000;
}
else
{
Hex = 0x0000;
}
HexData_16[i] = Hex;
}
printf("%04x,%04x,%04x,%04x\r\n",HexData_16[0],HexData_16[1],HexData_16[2],HexData_16[3]);
}
在keil里如果要用printf()函数,还需要重定义,从定义函数如下:
#include "stdio.h" //这里要声明stdio.h头文件,不然printf函数会显示未定义,全文中声明一次即可,建议在最顶部声明
/* --------------------fputc重定义函数----------------------- */
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY);
return ch;
}
如果有更好的方法,欢迎交流。