1. 官网：
Synopsis
This tutorial outlines the basic installation process for installing MongoDB on Ubuntu Linux systems. This tutorial uses .deb packages as the basis of the installation. 10gen publishes packages of the MongoDB releases as .deb
This tutorial includes: an overview of the available packages, instructions for configuring the package manager, the process for installing packages from the 10gen repository, and preliminary MongoDB configuration and operation.
注解
If you use an older Ubuntu that does not use Upstart, (i.e. any version before 9.10 “Karmic”) please follow the instructions on the 在Debian上安装 tutorial.
也可以参考
The documentation of following related processes and concepts.
Other installation tutorials:
封装选项
The 10gen repository contains three packages:
- mongodb-10gen
This package contains the latest stable release. Use this for production deployments. - mongodb20-10gen
This package contains the stable release of v2.0 branch. - mongodb18-10gen
This package contains the stable release of v1.8 branch.
You cannot install these packages concurrently with each other or with the mongodb
10gen also provides packages for “unstable” or development versions of MongoDB. Use the mongodb-10gen-unstable
安装MongoDB
配置包管理系统 (APT)
The Ubuntu package management tool (i.e. dpkg and apt) ensure package consistency and authenticity by requiring that distributors sign packages with GPG keys. Issue the following command to import the 10gen public GPG Key:
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10
Create a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/10gen.list
deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen
Now issue the following command to reload your repository:
sudo apt-get update
安装包
Issue the following command to install the latest stable version of MongoDB:
sudo apt-get install mongodb-10gen
When this command completes, you have successfully installed MongoDB! Continue for configuration and start-up suggestions.
配置MongoDB
These packages configure MongoDB using the /etc/mongodb.conf file in conjunction with the control script. You will find the control script is at /etc/init.d/mongodb.
This MongoDB instance will store its data files in the /var/lib/mongodb and its log files in /var/log/mongodb, and run using the mongodb
注解
If you change the user that runs the MongoDB process, you will need to modify the access control rights to the /var/lib/mongodb and /var/log/mongodb
控制MongoDB
启动MongoDB
You can start the mongod process by issuing the following command:
sudo service mongodb start
You can verify that mongod has started successfully by checking the contents of the log file at /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log.
停止MongoDB¶
As needed, you may stop the mongod process by issuing the following command:
sudo service mongodb stop
重启MongoDB
You may restart the mongod process by issuing the following command:
sudo service mongodb restart
控制 mongos
As of the current release, there are no control scripts for mongos. mongos is only used in sharding deployments and typically do not run on the same systems where mongod runs. You can use the mongodb script referenced above to derive your own mongos
使用MongoDB
Among the tools included with the MongoDB package, is the mongo
mongo
This will connect to the database running on the localhost interface by default. At the mongo prompt, issue the following two commands to insert a record in the “test” collection of the (default) “test” database.
> db.test.save( { a: 1 } ) > db.test.find()
也可以参考
“mongo” and “mongo Shell JavaScript 快参“
Ubuntu
安装10Gen的GPG key
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10
编辑source.list文件添加10gen源
$ sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
添加：
deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen
安装MongoDB
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mongodb-10gen
为MongoDB的运行目录添加权限
$ sudo chown mongodb /var/lib/mongodb
这样MongoDB就安装好了。
启动和关掉mongodb可以运行。
$ sudo service mongodb stop
$ sudo service mongodb start
配置信息保存在 /etc/mongodb.conf
如果想改变端口可以修改
port=27017
默认情况下，mongodb可以接受任何连接，不需要用户名密码。
生产环境我们有两种选择
1.建立用户名密码
$ mongo
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.addUser("username","password")
建立好用户名以后，需要开启连接时用用户名登陆
在/etc/mongodb.conf中添加
auth=true
2.只接受本地连接
在/etc/mongodb.conf中添加:
bind_ip=127.0.0.1
这样只有来自本地的连接才能连到MongoDB
安装完成后，MongoDB服务器会自动启动，我们检查MongoDB服务器程序
# 检查MongoDB服务器系统进程
~ ps -aux|grep mongo
mongodb 6870 3.7 0.4 349208 39740 ? Ssl 10:27 2:23 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongodb.conf
# 通过启动命令检查MongoDB服务器状态
~ netstat -nlt|grep 27017
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
# 通过启动命令检查MongoDB服务器状态
~ sudo /etc/init.d/mongodb status
Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8)
utility, e.g. service mongodb status
Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an
Upstart job, you may also use the status(8) utility, e.g. status mongodb
mongodb start/running, process 6870
# 通过系统服务检查MongoDB服务器状态
~ sudo service mongodb status
mongodb start/running, process 6870
通过web的控制台，查看MongoDB服务器的状态。在浏览器输入 http://ip:27017 ，就可以打开通过web的控制台了。
看到如下内容，即表明服务已经启动了：
It looks like you are trying to access MongoDB over HTTP on the native driver port.
3. 一些安装问题：
couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:145
可以测试重新安装：
sudo apt-get install --reinstall mongodb
