前期工作：在安装centos7.9的时候，网卡名称为eth0，修改内核选项：net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
安装常用工具和依赖
yum -y install vim tar net-tools wget perl python3 readline* deltarpm python-deltarpm \
zip unzip bc compat-libcap1* compat-libcap* binutils compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-2.5 glibc-common glibc-devel \
glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat \
unixODBC unixODBC-devel binutils* compat-libstdc* elfutils-libelf* \
gcc* glibc* ksh* libaio* libgcc* libstdc* make* sysstat* libXp* glibc-kernheaders
绑定主机名和IP映射
修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname oracle
绑定主机名和IP映射
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.136.141 oracle
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 67747971072
kernel.shmmax = 277495689510912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 6
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
生效 sysctl -p
vim /etc/security/limits.conf 追加
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
vim /etc/pam.d/login 追加
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
vim /etc/profile 追加
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
生效 source /etc/profile
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
passwd oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle /u01/oraInventory /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
su - oracle
vim .bash_profile 追加
export EDITOR=vim
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/db_1
export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oraInventory
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
umask 022
生效 source .bash_profile
Oracle安装包下载地址
https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html
Oracle安装包上传至$ORACLE_HOME路径下
chown -R oracle:oinstall LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
静默安装分为3步：
- 安装软件
- 创建监听
- DBCA创建数据库
以上3步分别需要三个配置文件，创建存放该3个文件的目录
mkdir /home/oracle/rsp
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/rsp
vim /home/oracle/rsp/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
以上是db_install.rsp文件
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/rsp/db_install.rsp
cd $ORACLE_HOME
./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/rsp/db_install.rsp
需要使用root用户依次执行以下两个脚本
/u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/root.sh
根据提示检查日志文件
more /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/install/root_oracle_2023-07-02_20-31-10-709893947.log
vim /home/oracle/rsp/netca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="19.0"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/rsp/netca.rsp
netca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/rsp/netca.rsp
lsnrctl status
静默创建数据库
vim /home/oracle/rsp/dbca.rsp
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
gdbName=orcl
sid=orcl
databaseConfigType=SI
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
createAsContainerDatabase=false
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
datafileDestination=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
storageType=FS
sampleSchema=TRUE
databaseType=OLTP
automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
totalMemory=4096
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/rsp/dbca.rsp
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/rsp/dbca.rsp
安装完成可以查看/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log文件，检查安装细节
安装rlwrap
tar -zxvf rlwrap-0.45.2.tar.gz
cd rlwrap-0.45.2
./configure
make -j8
make install
su - oracle
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile 追加
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
alias lsnrctl='rlwrap lsnrctl'
生效： source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sqlplus连接数据库 使用oracle用户操作
sqlplus / as sysdba
1
conn / as sysdba;
1
select userenv('language') from dual;
1
select * from nls_database_parameters;
1
select * from Vinstance;
1
alter user hr account unlock;
1
alter user hr identified by hr;
1
conn hr/hr;
1
set linesize 300;
1
set pagesize 300;
1
conn sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba;
1
conn hr/hr@orcl;
1
select tname from tab;
1
关闭监听
lsnrctl stop 1 2 -- 关闭数据库 shutdown immediate; 1 2 -- 开启数据库 startup; 1 2
关闭监听
lsnrctl start 1 2 开发防火墙端口 使用root用户
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent 1 firewall-cmd --reload 1 –zone #作用域 –add-port=1521/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议 –permanent #永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效
sql-developer连接oracle 使用sys账户连接orcl实例
