安装并配置单实例mysql数据库

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szoracle 2020-04-17 14:54:07 ©著作权

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一、下载介质 http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/ http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/

二、安装mysql需要的依赖包和编译软件

[root@monitor01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@monitor01 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 [root@monitor01 ~]# uname -m x86_64

安装依赖包 [root@monitor01 yum.repos.d]# yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake gcc gcc-c++ glibc openssl-devel bison-devel autoconf -y [root@monitor01 yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa curses-devel libaio-devel

安装编译mysql需要的软件 [root@monitor01 ~]# yum install cmake -y [root@monitor01 ~]# rpm -qa cmake

三、安装mysql

1、建立mysql用户账号 [root@monitor01 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql [root@monitor01 ~]# id mysql uid=1004(mysql) gid=1007(mysql) 组=1007(mysql)

2、获取mysql软件包 http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/

mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3、采用编译方式安装mysql 第一步，下载mysql软件包，命令及操作如下： [root@monitor01 ~]# mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools [root@monitor01 ~]# mkdir /application [root@monitor01 ~]# cd /home/oldboy/tools [root@monitor01 ~]# wget -q http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz

[root@monitor01 tools]# ll -h 总用量 344M -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314M 4月 13 14:52 mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 31M 4月 13 14:41 mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz

第二步，解压并配置mysql，命令及操作如下： [root@monitor01 tools]# tar xf mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz [root@monitor01 tools]# cd mysql-5.6.40/ [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.40
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.40/data
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.40/tmp/mysql.sock
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled
-DWITH_SSL=bundled
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

参数说明： cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.40 \ #指定安装目录 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.40/data \ #指定数据data目录 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.40/mysql.sock \ #指定sock路径 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #指定默认字符集 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ #指定默认校验规则 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ #指定扩展支持的字符集 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #启用innodb存储引擎 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #启用Federated存储引擎 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #启用BLACKHOLE引擎 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #禁用EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \ #启用zlib支持 -DWITH_SSL=bundled \ #启用ssl库支持 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ #启用加载本地数据 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ #嵌入式服务器 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \ #编译时允许自主下载相关文件 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 #禁用调试模式 (参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/ssgeek/p/10489078.html)

第三步，编译并安装mysql，命令及操作如下： [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# make && make install

第四步，为mysql安装路径设置不带版本号的软链接/application/mysql，命令及操作如下： [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.6.40/ /application/mysql

四、创建mysql数据库配置文件并对数据库目录授权

[root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# ll support-files/*.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1126 4月 13 15:14 support-files/my-default.cnf [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql

五、初始化mysql数据库文件

1、初始化mysql数据库 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql

六、配置并启动mysql数据库 1、设置mysql启动脚本 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# pwd /home/oldboy/tools/mysql-5.6.40 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld -rwx------. 1 root root 10619 4月 13 15:59 /etc/init.d/mysqld

2、启动mysql数据库 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 或者 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/application/mysql-5.6.40/data/monitor01.err'. 200413 16:09:56 mysqld_safe Directory '/application/mysql-5.6.40/tmp' for UNIX socket file don't exists. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/application/mysql-5.6.40/data/monitor01.pid). [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# mkdir -p /application/mysql-5.6.40/tmp [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

3、检查mysql数据库是否启动 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# netstat -lntup| grep mysql tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 21750/mysqld

4、查看mysql数据库启动结果日志： [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# tail -n 1000 -f /application/mysql-5.6.40/data/monitor01.err

5、设置mysql开机自动启动： [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# chkconfig --list mysqld

七、将mysql相关命令加入全局路径 1、确认mysql命令所在路径： [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# ll /application/mysql/bin/mysql -rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 10250744 4月 13 15:27 /application/mysql/bin/mysql

2、在path变量前增加/application/mysql/bin路径，并追加到/etc/profile文件中 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profile [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# tail -l /etc/profile [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# source /etc/profile [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# echo $PATH /application/mysql/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

八、登录mysql测试 mysql -uroot -p 或者 mysql -uroot 或者 mysql -uroot -p '密码' 或者 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

九、基本mysql安全配置 1、为root用户设置密码 [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# mysqladmin -u root password 'oldboy123' [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@monitor01 mysql-5.6.40]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.40 Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> drop user root@'::1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user root@'monitor01'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ''@'monitor01'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ''@'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>