YUM
1.简介：
YUM(全称为 Yellow dogUpdater, Modified) 是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的交互式shell前端默认使用软件包管理器。系统管理员使用YUM可以工作许多的工作量，它可以解决RPM中的一些缺陷(解决软件包的依赖关系)，管理亦可自作本地YUM使软件安装部署变得非常简单。
2.yum的基本命令
yum list [available|installed|extras|updates|obsoletes|all|recent] [pkgspec]
2.1查询相关
list :显示系统yum数据库缓存中所有的软件包信息(包名，版本…等相关信息)
#yum list | more Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Packages ConsoleKit.i686 0.4.1-3.el6 @myyum ConsoleKit-libs.i686 0.4.1-3.el6 @myyum GConf2.i686 2.28.0-6.el6 @myyum GConf2-devel.i686 2.28.0-6.el6 @myyum MAKEDEV.i686 3.24-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201303020136.i386/6.4 ORBit2.i686 2.14.17-3.2.el6_3 @myyum ORBit2-devel.i686 2.14.17-3.2.el6_3 @myyum abrt.i686 2.0.8-15.el6 @myyum abrt-addon-ccpp.i686 2.0.8-15.el6 @myyum |
yumlist installed (相当于 rpm -qa)已经安装的软件包查询
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Installed Packages ConsoleKit.i686 0.4.1-3.el6 @myyum ConsoleKit-libs.i686 0.4.1-3.el6 @myyum GConf2.i686 2.28.0-6.el6 @myyum GConf2-devel.i686 2.28.0-6.el6 @myyum MAKEDEV.i686 3.24-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201303020136.i386/6.4 ORBit2.i686 2.14.17-3.2.el6_3 @myyum ORBit2-devel.i686 2.14.17-3.2.el6_3 @myyum abrt.i686 2.0.8-15.el6 @myyum abrt-addon-ccpp.i686 2.0.8-15.el6 @myyum |
查询某个软件包是否已经安装
# yum list bash Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Packages bash.i686 4.1.2-14.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201303020136.i386/6.4
# yum info bash /*相当于rpm –qi查看软件包的一些简介 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Packages Name : bash Arch : i686 Version : 4.1.2 Release : 14.el6 Size : 3.0 M Repo : installed From repo : anaconda-CentOS-201303020136.i386 Summary : The GNU Bourne Again shell URL : http://www.gnu.org/software/bash License : GPLv3+ Description : The GNU Bourne Again shell (Bash) is a shell or command language : interpreter that is compatible with the Bourne shell (sh). Bash : incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and the C shell : (csh). Most sh scripts can be run by bash without modification. |
模糊搜索
2.2安装
yuminstall 软件包名 -y
# yum install -y lrzsz Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package lrzsz.i686 0:0.12.20-27.1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================== Installing: lrzsz i686 0.12.20-27.1.el6 myyum 66 k
Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 66 k Installed size: 150 k Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.i686 1/1 Verifying : lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.i686 1/1
Installed: lrzsz.i686 0:0.12.20-27.1.el6
Complete! |
2.2.1卸载
# yum remove -y lrzsz Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package lrzsz.i686 0:0.12.20-27.1.el6 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================== Removing: lrzsz i686 0.12.20-27.1.el6 @myyum 150 k
Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================== Remove 1 Package(s)
Installed size: 150 k Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.i686 1/1 Verifying : lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.i686 1/1
Removed: lrzsz.i686 0:0.12.20-27.1.el6
Complete! |
3.软件包组管理
3.1常用命令
和单个软件包差异不大 yum grouplist yum groupinfo yum groupinstall yum groupupdate yum groupremove
|
###########查询包组###########
# yum grouplist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile myyum/group_gz | 204 kB 00:00 ... Installed Groups: CIFS 文件服务器 Java 平台 MySQL 数据库客户端 MySQL 数据库服务器 PHP 支持 Perl 支持 PostgreSQL 数据库客户端 Ruby 支持 SNMP 支持 万维网服务器 兼容程序库 图形管理工具 字体 安全性工具 开发工具 电子邮件服务器 目录客户端 目录服务器 硬件监控工具 系统管理工具 继承 UNIX 兼容性 继承 X Windows 系统的兼容性 网络基础设施服务器 网络文件系统客户端 调试工具 通用桌面 附加开发 Installed Language Groups: 阿拉伯语支持 [ar] Available Groups: Eclipse Emacs FCoE 存储客户端 FTP 服务器 Infiniband 支持 KDE 桌面 NFS 文件服务器 PostgreSQL 数据库服务器 TeX 支持 TurboGear 应用程序框架 Web 服务器程序引擎 X 窗口系统 iSCSI 存储客户端 主框架访问 互联网浏览器 图形生成工具 基于网页的企业级管理 基本 备份客户端 备份服务器 大系统性能 存储可用性工具 客户端管理工具 性能工具 打印客户端 打印服务器 拨号网络支持 控制台互联网工具 智能卡支持 服务器平台 服务器平台开发 桌面 桌面平台 桌面平台开发 桌面调试和运行工具 短信客户端支持 科学记数法支持 科技写作 系统管理 系统管理消息服务器支持 网络存储服务器 联网工具 虚拟化 虚拟化客户端 虚拟化工具 虚拟化平台 身份管理服务器 输入法 远程桌面客户端 Available Language Groups: 上索布语支持 [hsb] 不丹语支持 [dz] 世界语支持 [eo] 中文支持 [zh] 丹麦语支持 [da] 乌克兰语支持 [uk] 乌兹别克语支持 [uz] 乌尔都语支持 [ur] 亚美尼亚语支持 [hy] 伊努伊特语支持 [iu] 低地撒克逊语支持 [nds] |
3.2软件包组安装
# yum groupinstall -y "开发工具" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package autoconf.noarch 0:2.63-5.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package automake.noarch 0:1.11.1-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package binutils.i686 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 will be installed ---> Package bison.i686 0:2.4.1-5.el6 will be installed ---> Package byacc.i686 0:1.9.20070509-7.el6 will be installed ---> Package cscope.i686 0:15.6-6.el6 will be installed … ….. …. ….
=============================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================== Installing: autoconf noarch 2.63-5.1.el6 myyum 781 k automake noarch 1.11.1-4.el6 myyum 550 k binutils i686 2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 myyum 2.8 M bison i686 2.4.1-5.el6 myyum 626 k byacc i686 1.9.20070509-7.el6 myyum 44 k cscope i686 15.6-6.el6 myyum 130 k ctags i686 5.8-2.el6 myyum 142 k cvs i686 1.11.23-15.el6 myyum 699 k diffstat i686 1.51-2.el6 myyum 29 k doxygen i686 1:1.6.1-6.el6 myyum 2.3 M elfutils i686 0.152-1.el6 myyum 214 k flex i686 2.5.35-8.el6 myyum 279 k gcc i686 4.4.7-3.el6 myyum 8.2 M gcc-c++ i686 4.4.7-3.el6 myyum 4.3 M gcc-gfortran i686 4.4.7-3.el6 myyum 4.1 M gettext i686 0.17-16.el6 myyum 1.8 M git i686 1.7.1-2.el6_0.1 myyum 4.5 M indent i686 2.2.10-7.el6 myyum 112 k intltool noarch 0.41.0-1.1.el6 myyum 58 k libtool i686 2.2.6-15.5.el6 myyum 564 k make i686 1:3.81-20.el6 myyum 386 k patch i686 2.6-6.el6 myyum 96 k patchutils i686 0.3.1-3.1.el6 myyum 94 k pkgconfig i686 1:0.23-9.1.el6 myyum 67 k rcs i686 5.7-37.el6 myyum 169 k redhat-rpm-config noarch 9.0.3-42.el6 myyum 59 k rpm-build i686 4.8.0-32.el6 myyum 127 k subversion i686 1.6.11-7.el6 myyum 2.2 M swig i686 1.3.40-6.el6 myyum 1.1 M systemtap i686 1.8-7.el6 myyum 26 k Installing for dependencies: gettext-devel i686 0.17-16.el6 myyum 153 k hwdata noarch 0.233-7.9.el6 myyum 1.1 M initscripts i686 9.03.38-1.el6 myyum 937 k iproute i686 2.6.32-23.el6 myyum 342 k iptables i686 1.4.7-9.el6 myyum 246 k iputils i686 20071127-16.el6 myyum 118 k module-init-tools i686 3.9-21.el6 myyum 452 k openssh i686 5.3p1-84.1.el6 myyum 237 k openssh-clients i686 5.3p1-84.1.el6 myyum 360 k perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-2.el6_0.1 myyum 28 k policycoreutils i686 2.0.83-19.30.el6 myyum 672 k systemtap-client i686 1.8-7.el6 myyum 3.2 M systemtap-devel i686 1.8-7.el6 myyum 1.2 M udev i686 147-2.46.el6 myyum 355 k util-linux-ng i686 2.17.2-12.9.el6 myyum 1.5 M
Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================== Install 45 Package(s)
Total download size: 47 M Installed size: 143 M Downloading Packages: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 14 MB/s | 47 MB 00:03 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction |
3.3软件包组移除(慎用)
# yum groupremove -y "开发工具" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package autoconf.noarch 0:2.63-5.1.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: autoconf for package: php-devel-5.3.3-22.el6.i686 ---> Package automake.noarch 0:1.11.1-4.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: automake for package: ORBit2-devel-2.14.17-3.2.el6_3.i686 --> Processing Dependency: automake for package: libcurl-devel-7.19.7-35.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: automake for package: gtk-doc-1.11-5.1.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: automake for package: GConf2-devel-2.28.0-6.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: automake for package: gnome-doc-utils-0.18.1-1.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: automake for package: gtk2-devel-2.18.9-12.el6.i686 ---> Package binutils.i686 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: binutils for package: crash-6.1.0-1.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: binutils for package: module-init-tools-3.9-21.el6.i686 ---> Package bison.i686 0:2.4.1-5.el6 will be erased ---> Package byacc.i686 0:1.9.20070509-7.el6 will be erased ---> Package cmake.i686 0:2.6.4-5.el6 will be erased ---> Package cscope.i686 0:15.6-6.el6 will be erased ---> Package ctags.i686 0:5.8-2.el6 will be erased ---> Package cvs.i686 0:1.11.23-15.el6 will be erased ---> Package diffstat.i686 0:1.51-2.el6 will be erased ---> Package doxygen.i686 1:1.6.1-6.el6 will be erased ---> Package elfutils.i686 0:0.152-1.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: elfutils for package: abrt-addon-ccpp-2.0.8-15.el6.i686 ---> Package flex.i686 0:2.5.35-8.el6 will be erased ---> Package gcc.i686 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: systemtap-devel-1.8-7.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: systemtap-devel-1.8-7.el6.i686 ---> Package gcc-c++.i686 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be erased ---> Package gcc-gfortran.i686 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be erased ---> Package gettext.i686 0:0.17-16.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: libgettextlib-0.17.so for package: gettext-devel-0.17-16.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libgettextsrc-0.17.so for package: gettext-devel-0.17-16.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: gettext = 0.17-16.el6 for package: gettext-devel-0.17-16.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: gettext for package: rrdtool-1.4.7-1.el6.rfx.i686 ---> Package git.i686 0:1.7.1-2.el6_0.1 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: git = 1.7.1-2.el6_0.1 for package: perl-Git-1.7.1-2.el6_0.1.noarch ---> Package indent.i686 0:2.2.10-7.el6 will be erased ---> Package intltool.noarch 0:0.41.0-1.1.el6 will be erased ---> Package jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.12.el6 will be erased ……………………………………………………… Dependency Removed: GConf2-devel.i686 0:2.28.0-6.el6 net-snmp.i686 1:5.5-44.el6 net-snmp-devel.i686 1:5.5-44.el6 ……. …….. …….. xorg-x11-font-utils.i686 1:7.2-11.el6 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-9.1.el6 xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch 0:7.6-25.el6 zlib-devel.i686 0:1.2.3-29.el6
Complete! |
4.制作简单的本地YUM源
#cd /etc/yum.repo.d/ 将此目录下所有文件打包备份，或者重命名不以.repo结尾
# cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/myyum.repo <<EOF > [zrdyum] > name=zrdyum > baseurl=file:///yum > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=0 > EOF # cat /etc/yum.repos.d/myyum.repo [zrdyum] name=zrdyum baseurl=file:///yum enabled=1* gpgcheck=0
#mkdr /yum #mount –o loop /dev/sr0 /yum /*光盘已经链接为前提 # yum clean all /*清除原来yum数据库的相关信息 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: zrdyum Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors # yum update /*重新生成yum数据库信息 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors zrdyum | 3.9 kB 00:00 ... zrdyum/primary_db | 2.5 MB 00:00 ... Setting up Update Process No Packages marked for Update #yum list /*查看yum是否能正常使用 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Packages ConsoleKit.i686 0.4.1-3.el6 @myyum ConsoleKit-libs.i686 0.4.1-3.el6 @myyum GConf2.i686 2.28.0-6.el6 @myyum |
