fdisk工具只能给2T以下的磁盘进行分区,2T以上使用Parted分区


一、使用fdisk给指定硬盘进行分区

[root@www ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x21248295.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help):


1、创建主分区

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): +1G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux


2、创建扩展分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (133-652, default 133):
Using default value 133
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-652, default 652): +1G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             133         264     1060290    5  Extended


3、创建逻辑分区

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (133-264, default 133):
Using default value 133
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-264, default 264): +800M  

Command (m for help): P

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             133         264     1060290    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             133         235      827316   83  Linux


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.



4、显示分区类型ID
Command (m for help): l

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1

Command (m for help):

[root@www ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             133         264     1060290    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             133         235      827316   83  Linux


5、查看文件系统类型

[root@www ~]# cat /etc/filesystems
ext4
ext3
ext2
nodev proc
nodev devpts
iso9660
vfat
hfs
hfsplus



二、格式化分区

1、使用mkfs.ext4格式化/dev/sdb5(方法一)

[root@www ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51744 inodes, 206829 blocks
10341 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=213909504
7 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7392 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.


2、使用mke2fs格式化分区(方法二)

[root@www ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L ming /dev/sdb1

                           //-b 指定block(块)大小

                           //-m 指定保留n%空间

                           // -L 标签

[root@www ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L ming /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=ming
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
66528 inodes, 530128 blocks
5301 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=537919488
33 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2016 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.


三、挂载

1、手动挂载

[root@www ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/
[root@www ~]# df -hT
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext4   8.7G  926M  7.4G  11% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext4   194M   27M  158M  15% /boot
/dev/sdb5      ext4   796M   17M  739M   3% /mnt


[root@www ~]# mount -o noatime,rw /dev/sdb1 /home/ming/disk1  //noatime不更改读取时间


2、自动挂载,修改/etc/fstab文件

[root@www ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="ad1cfbb0-1621-4b2c-b10a-f2ede0d863bc" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="2b68ad5b-f328-4cd1-8d3d-a21b19574321" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="7a56f94a-8c3f-4b2f-8cf3-a68e901d5caa" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="ming" UUID="48cc8e42-98c3-46d0-9895-b04e073b39bd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="42348b39-109f-49c6-b34c-c5d2ccfad5a2" TYPE="ext4"


[root@www ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb5               /mnt                    ext4    defaults        0 0(是否备份,是否检测,0表示不)


defaults=rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async/sync



3、开机自动加载的配置文件/etc/rc.local,存放需要开机自动加载的命令
[root@www ~]# ls /etc/rc.local
/etc/rc.local


[root@www ~]# vim /etc/rc.local

mount /dev/sdb1    /home/ming/disk1


[root@www ~]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/sdb5 on /mnt type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /home/ming/disk1 type ext4 (rw,noatime)