目录

  1. MarshalStructureToPtr方法简介
  2. 功能及位置
  3. 语法
  4. 参数说明
  5. 异常
  6. 备注
  7. 举例

具体可以参考​​http://msdn.microsoft.com​​。                                                                                          

Marshal.StructureToPtr方法简介


1. 功能及位置

                                                                                         

将数据从托管对象封送到非托管内存块,属于.NET Framework 类库

命名空间:System.Runtime.InteropServices

程序集:mscorlib(在 mscorlib.dll 中)                                                                                          

2. 语法

                                                                                         

C#:       [ComVisibleAttribute(true)] public static void StructureToPtr (Object structure,IntPtr ptr,bool fDeleteOld);

C++:       [ComVisibleAttribute(true)]public: static void StructureToPtr (Object^ structure, IntPtr ptr, bool fDeleteOld);                                                                                          

3. 参数说明

                                                                                         

structure:托管对象,包含要封送的数据。该对象必须是格式化类的实例。

ptr:指向非托管内存块的指针,必须在调用此方法之前分配该指针。

fDeleteOld:设置为 true 可在执行Marshal.DestroyStructure方法前对 ptr 参数调用此方法。请注意,传递 false 可导致内存泄漏。                                                                                          

4. 异常

                                                                                         

异常类型:ArgumentException

条件:structrue参数是泛型类型                                                                                          

5. 备注

                                                                                         

StructureToPtr将结构的内容复制到 ptr 参数指向的预分配内存块。如果 fDeleteOld 参数为 true,则使用嵌入指 针上适当的删除 API 来删除最初由 ptr 指向的缓冲区,但该缓冲区必须包含有效数据。此方法为在镜像托管类中指 定的每个引用字段执行清理工作。                                             

假设 ptr 指向非托管内存块。此内存块的布局由相应的托管类 structure 描述。StructureToPtr将字段值从结构封 送到指针。假设 ptr 块包含引用字段,该字段指向当前包含“abc”的字符串缓冲区。假设托管端上相应的字段是包含“vwxyz”的字符串。如果不另行通知它,StructureToPtr将分配一个新的非托管缓冲区来保存“vwxyz”,并将它挂钩到 ptr 块。这将丢弃旧缓冲区“abc”使之漂移而不将其释放回非托管堆。最后,您将得到一个孤立的缓冲区,它表示在代码中存在内存泄漏。如果将 fDeleteOld 参数设置为真,则 StructureToPtr 在继续为“vwxyz”分配新缓冲区之前释放保存“abc”的缓冲区。                                                                                          

6. 举例

                                                                                          定义PERSON结构,并将该结构的一个变量拷贝到非托管内存,再将该内存中的PERSON还原为PERSON对象,观察其内容的变化。                                                                                           源代码如下:

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace testStructureToPtr
{
public static class define //define some constant
{
public const int MAX_LENGTH_OF_IDENTICARDID = 20; //maximum length of identicardid
public const int MAX_LENGTH_OF_NAME = 50; //maximum length of name
public const int MAX_LENGTH_OF_COUNTRY = 50; //maximum length of country
public const int MAX_LENGTH_OF_NATION = 50; //maximum length of nation
public const int MAX_LENGTH_OF_BIRTHDAY = 8; //maximum length of birthday
public const int MAX_LENGTH_OF_ADDRESS = 200; //maximum length of address
}

public struct PERSON //person structure
{
//MarshalAs:指示如何在托管代码和非托管代码之间封送数据
//UnmanagedType:指定如何将参数或字段封送到非托管内存块
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_IDENTICARDID)]
public byte[] identicardid;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_NAME)]
public byte[] name;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_COUNTRY)]
public byte[] country;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_NATION)]
public byte[] nation;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_BIRTHDAY)]
public byte[] birthday;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_ADDRESS)]
public byte[] address;
}

class testProgram
{
private static byte _fillChar = 0; //the fill character

//convert string to byte array in Ascii with length is len
public static byte[] CodeBytes(string str, int len)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))
{
str = string.Empty;
}

byte[] result = new byte[len];
byte[] strBytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str);

//copy the array converted into result, and fill the remaining bytes with 0
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
result[i] = ((i < strBytes.Length) ? strBytes[i] : _fillChar);

return result;
}

//show the person information
public static void ShowPerson(PERSON person)
{
Console.WriteLine("cardid :" + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(person.identicardid));
Console.WriteLine("name :" + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(person.name));
Console.WriteLine("country :" + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(person.country));
Console.WriteLine("nation :" + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(person.nation));
Console.WriteLine("birthday :" + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(person.birthday));
Console.WriteLine("address :" + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(person.address));
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
PERSON person;
person.identicardid = CodeBytes("123456198001011111", define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_IDENTICARDID);
person.name = CodeBytes("jackson", define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_NAME);
person.country = CodeBytes("China", define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_COUNTRY);
person.nation = CodeBytes("HanZu", define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_NATION);
person.birthday = CodeBytes("19800101", define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_BIRTHDAY);
person.address = CodeBytes("Luoshan Road, Shanghai", define.MAX_LENGTH_OF_ADDRESS);

int nSizeOfPerson = Marshal.SizeOf(person);
IntPtr intPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(nSizeOfPerson);

Console.WriteLine("The person infomation is as follows:");
ShowPerson(person);

try
{
//将数据从托管对象封送到非托管内存块,该内存块开始地址为intPtr
Marshal.StructureToPtr(person, intPtr, true);

//将数据从非托管内存块封送到新分配的指定类型的托管对象anotherPerson
PERSON anotherPerson = (PERSON)Marshal.PtrToStructure(intPtr, typeof(PERSON));

Console.WriteLine("The person after copied is as follows:");
ShowPerson(anotherPerson);
}
catch (ArgumentException)
{
throw;
}
finally
{
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(intPtr); //free tha memory
}
}
}
}

运行过程中的对象地址及其内容如下:                                                                                           intPtr指向的内存块的内容就是程序中对person对象所赋的初值,如下图所示,共计378个字节:

C#——Marshal.StructureToPtr方法简介_数据

  对象person和another的地址及其identicardid成员的地址:

C#——Marshal.StructureToPtr方法简介_C#_02

    对象person的identicardid成员的内容,即程序中的值123456198001011111,最后的2个字节为0,图中显示的是20个元素的ASCII码的16进制数值:

C#——Marshal.StructureToPtr方法简介_ide_03

  运行结果如下:

C#——Marshal.StructureToPtr方法简介_ide_04