在用户验证方面用到token验证,这是一种安卓/iso/..手机客户端常用的,方便的验证方式。
原理是客户端给我发一段字符串,这段字符串是用户在注册,登入的时候、服务器生成的,并关联到用户。保存到数据库,然后返回给客户端,客户端之后呢,就可以凭借这个字符串来确认“我是我,不是别人”。而不用每次验证都要通过账号密码。 _ _ _
django-rest-framework 有一套默认的token验证机制dfs token验证 具体用法不再细讲了,官方文档写得很清楚。
但是笔者发现一个问题,这个token验证机制存的token,一旦生成就保持不变。这样就引发一些问题,万一某人拿到你的token不就为所欲为了吗,就像别人拿到你的密码一样。
解决方案: 给token设置过期时间,超过存活时间,这段token不再具有验证功能,每次用户重新登入,刷新token(这段新token的有存活时间)。这样,重新登入后,你的token更新了,某些居心不良的人即便拿着之前抢来的token也没用。stackoverflow上已经有了token过期时间的讨论。 参考他们的代码我这样写。
##改进
#coding=utf-8 auth.py
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.core.cache import cache
import datetime
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework import exceptions
from account.models import Token
from rest_framework import HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
def get_authorization_header(request):
"""
Return request's 'Authorization:' header, as a bytestring.
Hide some test client ickyness where the header can be unicode.
"""
auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', b'')
if isinstance(auth, type('')):
# Work around django test client oddness
auth = auth.encode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING)
return auth
class ExpiringTokenAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
model = Token
def authenticate(self, request):
auth = get_authorization_header(request)
if not auth:
return None
try:
token = auth.decode()
except UnicodeError:
msg = _('Invalid token header. Token string should not contain invalid characters.')
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
return self.authenticate_credentials(token)
def authenticate_credentials(self, key):
try:
token = self.model.objects.get(key=key)
except self.model.DoesNotExist:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
if not token.user.is_active:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户被禁止')
utc_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
if token.created < utc_now - datetime.timedelta(hours=24 * 14):
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('认证信息过期')
def authenticate_header(self, request):
return 'Token'
还要配置settings文件
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
'yourmodule.auth.ExpiringTokenAuthentication',
),
}
##再改进 使用了cache缓存对token和关联的用户进行了缓存,因为token验证经常需要从数据库读取,加入缓存,大幅提高速度。
def authenticate_credentials(self, key):
token_cache = 'token_' + key
cache_user = cache.get(token_cache)
if cache_user:
return cache_user # 首先查看token是否在缓存中,若存在,直接返回用户
try:
token = self.model.objects.get(key=key)
except self.model.DoesNotExist:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
if not token.user.is_active:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户被禁止')
utc_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
if token.created < utc_now - datetime.timedelta(hours=24 * 14): # 设定存活时间 14天
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('认证信息过期')
if token:
token_cache = 'token_' + key
cache.set(token_cache, token.user, 24 * 7 * 60 * 60) # 添加 token_xxx 到缓存
return (token.user, token)
我的login函数是这样写的
@api_view(['POST'])
def login_views(request):
receive = request.data
if request.method == 'POST':
username = receive['username']
password = receive['password']
user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
if user is not None and user.is_active:
# update the token
token = Token.objects.get(user=user)
token.delete()
token = Token.objects.create(user=user)
user_info = UserInfo.objects.get(user=user)
serializer = UserInfoSerializer(user_info)
response = serializer.data
response['token'] = token.key
return json_response({
"result": 1,
"user_info":response, # response contain user_info and token
})
else:
try:
User.objects.get(username=username)
cause = u'密码错误'
except User.DoesNotExist:
cause = u'用户不存在'
return json_response({
"result": 0,
"cause":cause,
})