本次课程为Fragment为主题,课程的示例仿美团外卖界面,不同于底部导航栏的Fragment案例,此界面分为左侧切换与顶部切换。本文先是发布代码与效果,后续讲解将会在后续补充。先看看效果:

android studio布局编辑器在哪 android studio布局代码_控件

android studio布局编辑器在哪 android studio布局代码_xml_02

首先是布局文件代码:Activity布局:activity_main.xml:

首先父布局用的LinearLayout布局,并通过代码:android:orientation="vertical"来设置布局方向为垂直布局。界面分为顶部导航栏、左侧菜单栏、右侧菜单栏,由此分为三大部分子布局

分别用到了RelativeLayout、LinearLayout(左右布局放在一个LinearLayout,设置布局方向为水平即可)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">


    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="4dp"
        android:gravity="center_vertical">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_order"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginLeft="25dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:textSize="16sp"

            android:text="点菜"
           />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_discuss"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tv_order"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginLeft="25dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:textSize="16sp"
            android:text="评价"
            />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_business"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginLeft="25dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tv_discuss"
            android:textSize="16sp"
            android:text="商家"
             />

        <TextView

            android:layout_width="70dp"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="25dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:textSize="12sp"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
            android:background="@drawable/friend_list"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textColor="#ef842c"
            android:text="好友拼单"
             />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/left"
            android:name="com.example.student.LeftFragment"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"

            tools:layout="@layout/fragment_left"/>
        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/right"
            android:name="com.example.student.RightFragment"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="3"
            tools:layout="@layout/fragment_right"
            />

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

 两个Fragment布局代码

fragment_left.xml:

左侧导航栏的推荐与进店必买,最后效果中,需要点击这两个TextView来实现右侧导航栏数据的变化

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".LeftFragment"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_recommend"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="12sp"
        android:text="推荐" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_must_buy"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="12sp"
        android:text="进店必买"/>
</LinearLayout>

 fragment_right.xml:

Listview用于显示列表数据

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".RightFragment"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv_list"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:divider="@null"
        />
</FrameLayout>

以及在fragment_right中LIstview的item布局:

list_item.xml

item中包含了一个ImageView用于显示食物图片信息,三个TextView显示食物标题、食物好评度、食物价格,同样的,其中子布局采用LinearLayout布局,并设置布局方向为垂直,使三个TextView垂直摆放

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:padding="5dp">
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv_img"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        >
        <TextView
            android:textSize="14sp"
            android:padding="2dp"
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textColor="#868788"
            android:id="@+id/tv_sale"

            android:textSize="12sp"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_price"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="2dp"

            android:textSize="12sp"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

接下来是Java逻辑代码:

MainActivity.java:


在创建Activity生命周期中会执行onCreate()函数,在其中执行了setData、init、clickEvent方法,是三个自定义方法。setData方法:给数据赋值将其全部放在对应的数据集里,也就是添加两段ListVIew到时候现实的数据; init方法:给主页面左侧的fragment界面控件赋值(绑定控件),以及获得了管理Fragment的对象FragmentManager; clickEvent方法:生成左侧导航栏的点击事件,点击实现控件变化颜色,可以增加可适度。


import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class MainActivity52 extends AppCompatActivity {
    private FragmentManager fragmentManager;
    private FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction;
    private Fragment leftFragment;
    private RightFragment rightFragment;
    private TextView tv_recommed,tv_must_buy;
    private TextView btn;
    private String[]names1={"爆款*肥牛鱼豆腐骨肉相连三荤五素一份米饭","豪华双人套餐","【热销】双人套餐(含两份米饭)"};
    private String[]sales1={"月售520 好评度80%","月售520 好评度80%","月售520 好评度80%"};
    private String[]prices1={"$23","$41","$32"};
    private int []imgs1={R.drawable.recom_one,R.drawable.recom_two,R.drawable.recom_three};


    private String[]names2={"素菜主义一人套餐","两人经典套套餐","三人经典套餐"};
    private String[]sales2={"月售520 好评度80%","月售520 好评度80%","月售520 好评度80%"};
    private String[]prices2={"$23","$41","$32"};
    private int []imgs2={R.drawable.must_buy_one,R.drawable.must_buy_two,R.drawable.must_buy_three};

    private Map<String, List<FoodsBean>>map;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main52);

        setData();
        init();
        clickEvent();
    }
    private void init(){//给主页面左侧的fragment界面控件赋值

        fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();

        leftFragment=fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.left);
        tv_recommed=findViewById(R.id.tv_recommend);

        tv_must_buy=findViewById(R.id.tv_must_buy);

    }
    private void setData(){//给数据赋值将其全部放在对应的数据集里
        map=new HashMap<>();
        List<FoodsBean>list1=new  ArrayList<>();
        List<FoodsBean>list2=new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i=0;i<names1.length;i++){
            FoodsBean bean=new FoodsBean();
            bean.setName(names1[i]);
            bean.setPrice(prices1[i]);
            bean.setImg(imgs1[i]);
            bean.setSales(sales1[i]);
            list1.add(bean);
        }
        map.put("1",list1);
        for(int i=0;i<names2.length;i++){
            FoodsBean bean=new FoodsBean();
            bean.setName(names2[i]);
            bean.setPrice(prices2[i]);
            bean.setImg(imgs2[i]);
            bean.setSales(sales2[i]);
            list2.add(bean);
        }
        map.put("2",list2);

    }
    private void clickEvent(){//点击推荐还在必须控件变化颜色,可以增加可适度
        tv_recommed.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                switchData (map.get("1"));
                tv_recommed.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);
            }
        });
        tv_must_buy.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                switchData (map.get("2"));
                tv_must_buy.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);
            }
        });
        switchData (map.get("1"));
    }
    public void switchData(List<FoodsBean> list){

        rightFragment=new RightFragment().getInstance(list);//实例fragment

        fragmentManager=getFragmentManager();//获取FragmentManager

        fragmentTransaction=getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();//开启事务

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.right,rightFragment);//添加一个Fragment


        fragmentTransaction.commit();//提交事务

    }

}

Food实体类FoodsBean:

实体类就不过多的讲述,毕竟是面向对象

import java.io.Serializable;

public class FoodsBean implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID=1L;
    private String name;
    private String sales;
    private String price;
    private int img;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSales() {
        return sales;
    }

    public void setSales(String sales) {
        this.sales = sales;
    }

    public String getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(String price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public int getImg() {
        return img;
    }

    public void setImg(int img) {
        this.img = img;
    }
}

 Fragment其中LeftFragment的Java代码:

LeftFragment:

其实只重写onCreateView方法也可以。也就是绑定一下视图而已

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Nullable
    @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull @NotNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_left,container,false);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
    }
}

另一个RightFragment:

RightFragment:

因为要实现数据的切换以及Listview的数据显示,会比LeftFragment复杂一些

同样是重写一下方法。并写了一个构造方法用于设置数据,setArguments用于Activity与Fragment的通信,因为Activity、Fragment生命周期的一些问题,不能通过简单的数据传递

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ListView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

public class RightFragment extends Fragment {
    private ListView lv_list;
    public RightFragment(){

    }
    public  RightFragment getInstance(List<FoodsBean> list){
        RightFragment rightFragment=new RightFragment();
        Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
        bundle.putSerializable("list", (Serializable) list);
        rightFragment.setArguments(bundle);
        return  rightFragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Nullable
    @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull @NotNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_right,container,false);
        lv_list=view.findViewById(R.id.lv_list);
        if(getArguments()!=null){
            List<FoodsBean> list= (List<FoodsBean>) getArguments().getSerializable("list");
            RightAdapter adapter=new RightAdapter(getActivity(),list);
            lv_list.setAdapter(adapter);
        }
        return  view;
    }
}

RightFargment中ListView的适配器代码:

RightAdapter:

适配器的作用是绑定数据与视图,在适配器中重写getCount、getItem、getItemId、getView方法,并为了复用ViewHolder,创建了一个内部类ViewHolder,其中list为存储了食物数据的列表,类型为List<FoodsBean>,getView为获取item的视图,并设置数据,其余重写的方法大体可以通过名字理解到意思,例如getCount意为item的个数,所以返回list的长度即可,调用size方法

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;


import java.util.List;

public class RightAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
    private Context mContext;
    private List<FoodsBean>list;
    public RightAdapter(Context context , List<FoodsBean>list){
        this.mContext=context;
        this.list=list;
    }
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return list.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return list.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder holder=null;
        if(convertView==null){
            convertView=View.inflate(mContext,R.layout.list_item,null);
            holder= new ViewHolder();
            holder.tv_name=convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
            holder.tv_sale=convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_sale);
            holder.tv_price=convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_price);
            holder.iv_img=convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_img);
            convertView.setTag(holder);
        }else {
            holder=(ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }
        FoodsBean bean=list.get(position);
        holder.tv_name.setText(bean.getName());
        holder.tv_sale.setText(bean.getSales());
        holder.tv_price.setText(bean.getPrice());
        holder.iv_img.setBackgroundResource(bean.getImg());
        return convertView;
    }
    class ViewHolder{
        TextView tv_name,tv_sale,tv_price;
        ImageView iv_img;
    }
}

简单的总结:

此次实验,学习的是Fragment为主要知识,从中贯穿了Listview的一个比较重要的知识点,界面分为了顶部导航栏、左侧菜单栏、右侧菜单栏,目前实验中顶部导航栏的切换功能还未实现,后续可以继续补充,左侧菜单栏做到了一个点击切换右侧菜单显示的内容的一个效果。Fragment英语单词意思是碎片。简单来说,Fragment其实可以理解为一个具有自己生命周期的控件,只不过这个控件又有点特殊,它有自己的处理输入事件的能力,有自己的生命周期,又必须依赖于Activity,能互相通信和托管。使用Fragment可以精简Activity文件的代码,便于更好的阅读,同时,有着更好的速度加载。