docker基础命令（二）

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yoda221 2022-12-15 19:33:05 ©著作权

文章标签 docker nginx html 文章分类 运维

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一、进入容器内部

[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                               NAMES
c691ecccfe2b   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   17 hours ago   Up 17 hours   0.0.0.0:87->80/tcp, :::87->80/tcp   mynginxtest
[root@AH296 ~]# docker exec -it c691ecccfe2b /bin/bash
root@c691ecccfe2b:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@c691ecccfe2b:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
root@c691ecccfe2b:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls -l
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 497 Dec 28  2021 50x.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 615 Dec 28  2021 index.html
root@c691ecccfe2b:/usr/share/nginx/html# echo "<h1>Welcome to AH296</h1>" > index.html 
root@c691ecccfe2b:/usr/share/nginx/html#

#在宿主机访问容器端口
[root@AH296 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:87
<h1>Welcome to AH296</h1>
[root@AH296 ~]# 

#退出容器
root@c691ecccfe2b:/usr/share/nginx/html# exit
exit
[root@AH296 ~]#

二、将改变后的镜像提交后制作成新的镜像

docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
# -a：作者是谁
# -m：变更的描述信息

[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                               NAMES
4a53b4e544c3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   15 hours ago   Up 15 hours   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@AH296 ~]# docker commit -a "ah296" -m "index change" 4a53b4e544c3 ah296:v1.0
sha256:77a523846190bd76afcec9e3c701ef5963ed03dcaa151078a2af4392eabd5e7f
[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ah296        v1.0      77a523846190   4 seconds ago   141MB   ###我们提交后创建的镜像
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago   141MB
redis        latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago   113MB
redis        6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   16 months ago   105MB
[root@AH296 ~]#

将nginx镜像首页改为我们自己的首页

[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                               NAMES
4a53b4e544c3   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   15 hours ago   Up 15 hours   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   mynginx
root@4a53b4e544c3:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@4a53b4e544c3:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/
root@4a53b4e544c3:/usr/share/nginx# cd html/ 
root@4a53b4e544c3:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls
50x.html  index.html
root@4a53b4e544c3:/usr/share/nginx/html# cat index.html 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
root@4a53b4e544c3:/usr/share/nginx/html# echo "<h1>Welcome to ah296</h1>" > index.html 
root@4a53b4e544c3:/usr/share/nginx/html# cat index.html 
<h1>Welcome to ah296</h1>
root@4a53b4e544c3:/usr/share/nginx/html#

访问页面

docker基础命令（二）_docker

提交镜像

[root@AH296 ~]# docker commit -a "ah296" -m "change index" 4a53b4e544c3 ah296:v1.1
sha256:443f9a85d562417e2a505cd93209b00bc2ae991f1fca98709972be9974a26b15
[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ah296        v1.1      443f9a85d562   5 seconds ago   141MB
ah296        v1.0      77a523846190   26 hours ago    141MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago   141MB
redis        latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago   113MB
redis        6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   17 months ago   105MB

使用我们提交的镜像起容器

[root@AH296 ~]# docker run -d --name=mynginx --restart=always -p 89:80 ah296:v1.1
4c5f50279d2e3535b135e623eeeb1abfe7b9a9804ff008c21fbcc1ffd95473d2
[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
4c5f50279d2e   ah296:v1.1   "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   mynginx

通过公网访问，确认是OK的

docker基础命令（二）_html_02

三、镜像保存

将我们自己的镜像保存为tar文件

[root@AH296 ~]# docker save -o ah296.tar ah296:v1.1
[root@AH296 ~]# ll
total 142512
-rw------- 1 root root 145928704 Dec 15 12:40 ah296.tar
#因为只有一台云主机，接下来的操作也是在同一台主机上进行的

将镜像解压缩

[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
ah296        v1.1      443f9a85d562   12 minutes ago   141MB
ah296        v1.0      77a523846190   26 hours ago     141MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago    141MB
redis        latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago    113MB
redis        6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   17 months ago    105MB
[root@AH296 ~]# docker rmi ah296:v1.1
Untagged: ah296:v1.1
Deleted: sha256:443f9a85d562417e2a505cd93209b00bc2ae991f1fca98709972be9974a26b15
Deleted: sha256:9c920233ff34c3512fab0d80cbc01031dd83932e858868e91b65a9a39808032c
[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ah296        v1.0      77a523846190   26 hours ago    141MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago   141MB
redis        latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago   113MB
redis        6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   17 months ago   105MB
[root@AH296 ~]# ls
ah296.tar
[root@AH296 ~]# docker load -i ah296.tar 
94fe8e1e323d: Loading layer [==================================================>]  19.97kB/19.97kB
Loaded image: ah296:v1.1
[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
ah296        v1.1      443f9a85d562   13 minutes ago   141MB
ah296        v1.0      77a523846190   26 hours ago     141MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago    141MB
redis        latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago    113MB
redis        6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   17 months ago    105MB
[root@AH296 ~]# docker run -d --name=mynginx --restart=always -p 89:80 ah296:v1.1
d4a065e11069f4509b9d6478a2b827ce817601dd82032728c6c61f6bf9e88e15
[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
d4a065e11069   ah296:v1.1   "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   mynginx

通过公网访问，确认是OK的

docker基础命令（二）_docker_03

四、镜像推送到docker官网

给镜像加个标签

[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
d4a065e11069   ah296:v1.1   "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   10 minutes ago   Up 10 minutes   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
ah296        v1.1      443f9a85d562   24 minutes ago   141MB
ah296        v1.0      77a523846190   26 hours ago     141MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago    141MB
redis        latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago    113MB
redis        6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   17 months ago    105MB
[root@AH296 ~]# docker tag ah296:v1.1 daming221/ah296:v1.1
[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
daming221/ah296   v1.1      443f9a85d562   25 minutes ago   141MB
ah296             v1.1      443f9a85d562   25 minutes ago   141MB
ah296             v1.0      77a523846190   26 hours ago     141MB
nginx             latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago    141MB
redis             latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago    113MB
redis             6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   17 months ago    105MB

登录docker官网

[root@AH296 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: ah296@outlook.com
Password: 
Error response from daemon: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": unauthorized: incorrect username or password
[root@AH296 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: ah296@outlook.com
Password: 
Error response from daemon: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": unauthorized: incorrect username or password
[root@AH296 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: ah296
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
#注意，登录名不是你的邮箱，你的用户名是登录后docker页面右上角的用户名

将我们的镜像上传到docker官网

[root@AH296 ~]# docker push daming221/ah296:v1.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/daming221/ah296]
An image does not exist locally with the tag: daming221/ah296   #这个是因为没有登录docker官网导致的
[root@AH296 ~]# docker push daming221/ah296:v1.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/daming221/ah296]
94fe8e1e323d: Preparing 
d874fd2bc83b: Preparing 
32ce5f6a5106: Preparing 
f1db227348d0: Preparing 
b8d6e692a25e: Preparing 
e379e8aedd4d: Waiting 
2edcec3590a4: Waiting 
denied: requested access to the resource is denied   #这个是因为没有登录docker官网导致的
==============================================================================================================
[root@AH296 ~]# docker push daming221/ah296:v1.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/daming221/ah296]
94fe8e1e323d: Pushed 
d874fd2bc83b: Mounted from library/nginx 
32ce5f6a5106: Mounted from library/nginx 
f1db227348d0: Mounted from library/nginx 
b8d6e692a25e: Mounted from library/nginx 
e379e8aedd4d: Mounted from library/nginx 
2edcec3590a4: Mounted from library/redis 
v1.1: digest: sha256:b14644f4c67fb83b024bb0960d003d5b4a2e72dc01ca473f2f823eec30c3fa5a size: 1778
[root@AH296 ~]#

docker基础命令（二）_html_04

在别的机器上下载我们的镜像，然后运行

[root@AH296 ~]# docker push daming221/ah296:v1.1
[root@AH296 ~]# docker run -d --name=mynginx --restart=always -p 89:80 daming221/ah296:v1.1

五、挂载

注意：挂载数据是无法提交改变的

删掉我们之前起的容器，然后添加挂载后重新启动

[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
d4a065e11069   ah296:v1.1   "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   7 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@AH296 ~]# docker stop d4a065e11069
d4a065e11069
[root@AH296 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
daming221/ah296   v1.1      443f9a85d562   7 hours ago     141MB
ah296             v1.1      443f9a85d562   7 hours ago     141MB
ah296             v1.0      77a523846190   32 hours ago    141MB
nginx             latest    605c77e624dd   11 months ago   141MB
redis             latest    7614ae9453d1   11 months ago   113MB
redis             6.2.4     9dae5b22eb39   17 months ago   105MB
[root@AH296 ~]# docker run --name=mynginx2 --restart=always -d -p 89:80 -v /data/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro nginx
18430de7b0988f65dacbf7f0371a8bcb59932baefd02c91bf79aff99344f9ca8
[root@AH296 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
18430de7b098   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.鈥   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   mynginx2
[root@AH296 ~]#

访问

docker基础命令（二）_docker_05

进入到主机上的配置文件目录，添加index.html文件

[root@AH296 ~]# cd /data/html/
[root@AH296 html]# ll
total 0
[root@AH296 html]# echo "Welcome to ah296" > index.html

访问

docker基础命令（二）_docker_06

六、补充

docker日志查看

[root@AH296 html]# docker logs mynginx2
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.5
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2022/12/15 11:21:41 [error] 31#31: *1 directory index of "/usr/share/nginx/html/" is forbidden, client: 183.17.231.105, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "120.24.204.221:89"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:21:41 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
2022/12/15 11:21:43 [error] 31#31: *1 directory index of "/usr/share/nginx/html/" is forbidden, client: 183.17.231.105, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "120.24.204.221:89"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:21:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
2022/12/15 11:21:45 [error] 31#31: *1 directory index of "/usr/share/nginx/html/" is forbidden, client: 183.17.231.105, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "120.24.204.221:89"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:21:45 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:25:52 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 17 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
[root@AH296 html]# docker logs mynginx2
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.5
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/12/15 11:21:31 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2022/12/15 11:21:41 [error] 31#31: *1 directory index of "/usr/share/nginx/html/" is forbidden, client: 183.17.231.105, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "120.24.204.221:89"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:21:41 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
2022/12/15 11:21:43 [error] 31#31: *1 directory index of "/usr/share/nginx/html/" is forbidden, client: 183.17.231.105, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "120.24.204.221:89"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:21:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
2022/12/15 11:21:45 [error] 31#31: *1 directory index of "/usr/share/nginx/html/" is forbidden, client: 183.17.231.105, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "120.24.204.221:89"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:21:45 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:25:52 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 17 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
183.17.231.105 - - [15/Dec/2022:11:28:03 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/108.0.1462.46" "-"
[root@AH296 html]#

把容器指定位置的东西复制出来

docker cp 18430de7b098:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf  /data/conf/nginx.conf

把主机文件复制到容器中

docker cp /data/conf/nginx.conf 18430de7b098:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

上一篇：svn服务器更改ip

下一篇：docker下安装redis且配置文件及数据文件映射到容器外

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