DownloadManager是android2.3以后,系统下载的方法,是处理长期运行的HTTP下载的系统服务。客户端可以请求的URI被下载到一个特定的目标文件。客户端将会在后台与http交互进行下载,或者在下载失败,或者连接改变,重新启动系统后重新下载。还可以进入系统的下载管理界面查看进度。DownloadManger有两个内部类,Request 和Query。Request类可设置下载的一些属性。Query类可查询当前下载的进度,下载地址,文件存放目录等数据。
DownloadManager
1、所需权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />; <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>;
2、获得对象,开始下载
DownloadManager downloadManager = (DownloadManager)getSystemService(DOWNLOAD_SERVICE); DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(apkUrl)); long id = downloadManager.enqueue(request); //每下载的一个文件对应一个id,通过此id可以查询数据。
3、取消下载
downloadManager.remove(REFERENCE_1, REFERENCE_2, REFERENCE_3);
该方法返回成功取消的下载的个数,如果一个下载被取消了,所有相关联的文件,部分下载的文件和完全下载的文件都会被删除.
Request类
1.指定下载位置,及文件名称
/** * 方法1: * 目录: Android -> data -> com.app -> files -> Download -> dxtj.apk * 这个文件是你的应用所专用的,软件卸载后,下载的文件将随着卸载全部被删除 */ request.setDestinationInExternalFilesDir( this , Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS , "dxtj.apk" ); /** * 方法2: * 下载的文件存放地址 SD卡 download文件夹,dxtj.apk * 软件卸载后,下载的文件会保留 */ //在SD卡上创建一个文件夹 request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir( "/epmyg/" , "dxtj.apk" ) ; /** * 方法3: * 如果下载的文件希望被其他的应用共享 * 特别是那些你下载下来希望被Media Scanner扫描到的文件(比如音乐文件) */ request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir( Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC, "告白气球.mp3" ); /** * 方法4 * 文件将存放在外部存储的确实download文件内,如果无此文件夹,创建之,如果有,下面将返回false。 * 系统有个下载文件夹,比如小米手机系统下载文件夹 SD卡--> Download文件夹 */ //创建目录 Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).mkdir() ; //设置文件存放路径 request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir( Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS , "dxtj.apk" ) ; }
2、指定下载的网络类型
//指定在WIFI状态下,执行下载操作。 request.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_WIFI); //指定在MOBILE状态下,执行下载操作 request.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_MOBILE); //是否允许漫游状态下,执行下载操作 request.setAllowedOverRoaming(boolean); //是否允许“计量式的网络连接”执行下载操作 request.setAllowedOverMetered(boolean); //默认是允许的。
3、定制Notification样式
//设置Notification的标题和描述 request.setTitle("标题"); request.setDescription("描述"); //设置Notification的显示,和隐藏。 request.setNotificationVisibility(visibility);
VISIBILTY_HIDDEN: Notification:将不会显示,如果设置该属性的话,必须要添加权限
Android.permission.DOWNLOAD_WITHOUT_NOTIFICATION.
VISIBILITY_VISIBLE: Notification显示,但是只是在下载任务执行的过程中显示,下载完成自动消失。(默认值)
VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED : Notification显示,下载进行时,和完成之后都会显示。
VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_ONLY_COMPLETION :只有当任务完成时,Notification才会显示。
对Notification的设定方法相对较少。
4、设置下载文件类型:
request.setMimeType("application/vnd.android.package-archive");
这是安卓.apk文件的类型。有些机型必须设置此方法,才能在下载完成后,点击通知栏的Notification时,才能正确的打开安装界面。不然会弹出一个Toast(can not open file).其他文件类型的MimeType ,去百度一下 。
5、添加请求下载的网络链接的http头,比如User-Agent,gzip压缩等:
request.addRequestHeader(String header, String value);
Query 类
我们的需求,可能不只是在Notification 中显示进度就好了,也许,在app中也需要获取实时下载进度。所以Query类就是提供查询的一些方法。
但API中就只有两个方法,原来,他把数据保存在数据库中去了。我们需要获得一个Cursor 结果集,通过结果集获得我们想要的数据。
DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query(); Cursor cursor = downloadManager.query(query.setFilterById(id)); if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) { //下载的文件到本地的目录 String address = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_URI)); //已经下载的字节数 int bytes_downloaded = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_BYTES_DOWNLOADED_SO_FAR)); //总需下载的字节数 int bytes_total = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TOTAL_SIZE_BYTES)); //Notification 标题 String title =cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TITLE)); //描述 String description =cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_DESCRIPTION)); //下载对应id long id =cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_ID)); //下载文件名称 String filename =cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_FILENAME)); //下载文件的URL链接 String url =cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_URI)); }
这只能获取一次,数据库中的信息。我们可以使用Timer类,每隔一段时间去查询数据库即可。也可以使用ContentProvider去访问。
不足之处:
1、我发现,在下载的时候,发送Notification时 是没有声音的。也没有设置声音的方法。不过这影响不大。主要的功能实现就好。
2、因为这是系统的类,每个系统的Notification界面是不一样的。这就是每个rom厂家的自定义了。小米和魅族的就大不一样。魅族Notification上有一个下载暂停的按钮,而小米没有。所以导致Notification是不能统一的。其实,暂停的话用户可以点击notification,进入到下载管理界面,就有暂停按钮了。
实现代码
import android.app.DownloadManager; import android.content.Intent; import android.database.Cursor; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ProgressBar; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private TextView down; private TextView progress; private TextView file_name; private ProgressBar pb_update; private DownloadManager downloadManager; private DownloadManager.Request request; public static String downloadUrl = "http://ucdl.25pp.com/fs08/2017/01/20/2/2_87a290b5f041a8b512f0bc51595f839a.apk"; Timer timer; long id; TimerTask task; Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { super.handleMessage(msg); Bundle bundle = msg.getData(); int pro = bundle.getInt("pro"); String name = bundle.getString("name"); pb_update.setProgress(pro); progress.setText(String.valueOf(pro) + "%"); file_name.setText(name); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); down = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.down); progress = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.progress); file_name = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.file_name); pb_update = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.pb_update); down.setOnClickListener(this); downloadManager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(DOWNLOAD_SERVICE); request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(downloadUrl)); request.setTitle("大象投教"); request.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_WIFI); request.setAllowedOverRoaming(false); request.setMimeType("application/vnd.android.package-archive"); request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED); //创建目录 Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).mkdir(); //设置文件存放路径 request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, "app-release.apk"); pb_update.setMax(100); final DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query(); timer = new Timer(); task = new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { Cursor cursor = downloadManager.query(query.setFilterById(id)); if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) { if (cursor.getInt( cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS)) == DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL) { pb_update.setProgress(100); install(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) + "/app-release.apk"); task.cancel(); } String title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TITLE)); String address = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_URI)); int bytes_downloaded = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_BYTES_DOWNLOADED_SO_FAR)); int bytes_total = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TOTAL_SIZE_BYTES)); int pro = (bytes_downloaded * 100) / bytes_total; Message msg = Message.obtain(); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putInt("pro", pro); bundle.putString("name", title); msg.setData(bundle); handler.sendMessage(msg); } cursor.close(); } }; timer.schedule(task, 0, 1000); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { id = downloadManager.enqueue(request); task.run(); down.setClickable(false); down.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.background); } private void install(String path) { Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse("file://" + path), "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);//4.0以上系统弹出安装成功打开界面 startActivity(intent); } }
progressbar_color.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:id="@android:id/background"> <shape> <corners android:radius="10dip"/> <gradient android:angle="0" android:centerColor="#e4e4e4" android:centerY="0.75" android:endColor="#e4e4e4" android:startColor="#e4e4e4"/> </shape> </item> <item android:id="@android:id/secondaryProgress"> <clip> <shape> <corners android:radius="10dip"/> <gradient android:angle="0" android:centerColor="#e4e4e4" android:centerY="0.75" android:endColor="#e4e4e4" android:startColor="#e4e4e4"/> </shape> </clip> </item> <item android:id="@android:id/progress"> <clip> <shape> <corners android:radius="10dip"/> <gradient android:angle="0" android:endColor="@color/red" android:startColor="@color/red"/> </shape> </clip> </item> </layer-list>
效果:
AKP更新案例学习代码:
import android.app.DownloadManager; import android.app.ProgressDialog; import android.content.Context; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.content.pm.PackageInfo; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import com.loaderman.group09.redboy11.R; import com.loaderman.group09.redboy11.utils.PrefUtils; import com.zhy.http.okhttp.OkHttpUtils; import com.zhy.http.okhttp.callback.FileCallBack; import com.zhy.http.okhttp.callback.StringCallback; import org.json.JSONException; import org.json.JSONObject; import java.io.File; import okhttp3.Call; import static com.loaderman.global.GlobalConstants.URL_PREFIX; /* * @author: Ji.C.F * Desc : 关于 * date : 2016/12/23 19:29 */ public class AboutActivity extends BaseActivity { private TextView tvVersion; private Button btnUpdateApk; private String mDownloadUrl; private String versionMessage; private boolean isUpdateVersion; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_about); ivLeft.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); ivCenter.setVisibility(View.GONE); tvCenter.setText("关于"); tvCenter.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); btnUpdateApk = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_update_apk); tvVersion = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_version); tvVersion.setText(getVersionName()); isUpdateVersion = PrefUtils.getBoolean(AboutActivity.this, "isUpdateVersion", false); if (!isUpdateVersion) { btnUpdateApk.setText("当前已经是最新版本"); } else { //Toast.makeText(AboutActivity.this, "有新版本可以更新了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); btnUpdateApk.setText("有新版本可以更新了"); } btnUpdateApk.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (!isUpdateVersion) { Toast.makeText(AboutActivity.this, "当前已经是最新版本了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { updateVersion(); } } }); } private void updateVersion() { OkHttpUtils.get().addParams("ver", getVersionCode() + "").url(URL_PREFIX + "index/index_checkVersion.html").build().execute(new StringCallback() { @Override public void onError(Call call, Exception e, int i) { e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(AboutActivity.this, "网络异常", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onResponse(String result, int i) { try { JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result); String version = json.optString("version"); JSONObject json2 = new JSONObject(version); String versionCode = json2.optString("versionCode"); versionMessage = json2.optString("versionMessage"); System.out.println(versionMessage); mDownloadUrl = json2.optString("downloadUrl"); System.out.println(mDownloadUrl); showUpdateDialog(versionCode); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } private void showUpdateDialog(String mVersionName) { System.out.println("showUpdateDialog"); AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this); builder.setTitle("发现新版本:" + mVersionName); builder.setMessage(versionMessage); builder.setPositiveButton("前台更新", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { download(); } }); builder.setNegativeButton("后台更新", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { download(URL_PREFIX + mDownloadUrl); } }); AlertDialog dialog = builder.create(); dialog.show(); } private void download(String downloadUrl) { DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) getApplicationContext() .getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE); DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request( Uri.parse(downloadUrl)); request.setTitle("红孩子下载中..."); request.setDescription("让你的购物从此与众不同!!!"); request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();// 设置可以被扫描到 request.setVisibleInDownloadsUi(true);// 设置下载可见 String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));// 解析fileName request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir( Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, fileName);// 设置下载位置,sdcard/Download/fileName long refernece = manager.enqueue(request);// 加入下载并取得下载ID SharedPreferences sPreferences = getApplicationContext() .getSharedPreferences("downloadplato", 0); sPreferences.edit().putLong("plato", refernece).commit();//保存此次下载ID } private void download() { //设置进度条 final ProgressDialog progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this); //水平显示 progressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL); progressDialog.setTitle("拼命下载中"); //显示 progressDialog.show(); OkHttpUtils.get().url(URL_PREFIX + mDownloadUrl).build().execute(new FileCallBack(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath(), "RedBoy.apk") { @Override public void onError(Call call, Exception e, int i) { progressDialog.dismiss(); } @Override public void inProgress(float progress, long total, int id) { super.inProgress(progress, total, id); progressDialog.setProgress((int) (progress * 100)); } @Override public void onResponse(File file, int i) { progressDialog.dismiss(); installAPK(file); } }); } private void installAPK(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT); intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file), "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); startActivityForResult(intent, 0); } private String getVersionName() { PackageManager pm = getPackageManager(); try { PackageInfo info = pm.getPackageInfo(getPackageName(), 0); String versionName = info.versionName; return versionName; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return ""; } private int getVersionCode() { PackageManager pm = getPackageManager(); try { PackageInfo info = pm.getPackageInfo(getPackageName(), 0); int versionCode = info.versionCode; return versionCode; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return -1; } }