1.数据类型定义
在代码中为了清楚的表示一些错误和函数运行状态,我们预先定义一些变量来表示这些状态。在head.h头文件中有如下定义:
//定义数据结构中要用到的一些变量和类型
#ifndef HEAD_H
#define HEAD_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define OK 1
#define ERROR 0
#define INFEASIBLE -1
#define OVERFLOW -2 //分配内存出错
typedef int Status; //函数返回值类型
typedef int ElemType; //用户定义的数据类型
#endif
2.数据结构实现
typedef struct BiNode{
ElemType data;
struct BiNode *left,*right;
}BiNode,*pBiNode;
3.二叉树代码实现
BiTree.h代码如下:
#ifndef BITREE_H
#define BITREE_H
#include "head.h"
typedef struct BiNode{
ElemType data;
struct BiNode *left,*right;
}BiNode,*pBiNode;
Status InsertRight(pBiNode &root,ElemType e);
Status InsertLeft(pBiNode &root,ElemType e);
Status InitBiTree(pBiNode &tree){
tree=(pBiNode)malloc(sizeof(BiNode));
if(!tree) return OVERFLOW;
tree->data=-999999;
tree->left=NULL;
tree->right=NULL;
return OK;
}
Status BiTreeEmpty(pBiNode root){
if(root==NULL) return ERROR;
return root->left==root->right && root->data==-999999;
}
Status HasNoNode(pBiNode root){
if(root==NULL) return ERROR;
return root->left==root->right ;
}
Status CreatTreeNode(pBiNode &node,ElemType e){
node=(pBiNode)malloc(sizeof(BiNode));
if(!node) return OVERFLOW;
node->data=e;
node->left=NULL;
node->right=NULL;
return OK;
}
Status InsertRight(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){
if(root->right==NULL){
if(e>root->data){
pBiNode p;
CreatTreeNode(p,e);
root->right=p;
return OK;
}else{
pBiNode p;
CreatTreeNode(p,e);
root->left=p;
return OK;
}
}else{
e>root->data? InsertRight(root->right,e):InsertLeft(root,e);
}
}
Status InsertLeft(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){
if(root->left==NULL){
if(e>root->data){
pBiNode p;
CreatTreeNode(p,e);
root->right=p;
return OK;
}else{
pBiNode p;
CreatTreeNode(p,e);
root->left=p;
return OK;
}
}else{
e<=root->data?InsertLeft(root->left,e):InsertRight(root,e);
}
}
Status InsertTree(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){
if(BiTreeEmpty(root)){
root->data=e;
return true;
}
if(e>root->data){
InsertRight(root,e);
}else{
InsertLeft(root,e);
}
}
Status CreateBiTree(pBiNode &root,ElemType *a,int n){
for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
InsertTree(root,a[i]);
}
return true;
}
Status print(ElemType e ){
printf("%d ",e);
return true;
}
Status PreOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){
if(root){
(*p)(root->data);
PreOrderTraverse(root->left,p);
PreOrderTraverse(root->right,p);
}
return OK;
}
Status MiddleOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){
if(root){
MiddleOrderTraverse(root->left,p);
(*p)(root->data);
MiddleOrderTraverse(root->right,p);
}
return OK;
}
Status AfterOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){
if(root){
AfterOrderTraverse(root->left,p);
AfterOrderTraverse(root->right,p);
(*p)(root->data);
}
return OK;
}
Status ClearBiTree(pBiNode &root){
if(root){
ClearBiTree(root->left);
ClearBiTree(root->right);
free(root);
root==NULL;
}
return OK;
}
#endif
4.测试代码
#include "BiTree.h"
void main(){
ElemType a[14]={100,50,200,40,30,45,60,55,61,200,150,300,250,400};
pBiNode root;
InitBiTree(root);
CreateBiTree(root,a,14);
printf("前序:");
PreOrderTraverse(root,print);
printf("\n中序:");
MiddleOrderTraverse(root,print);
printf("\n后序:");
AfterOrderTraverse(root,print);
ClearBiTree(root);
}
5.插入数据如下:
6.测试结果
前序:100 50 40 30 45 60 55 61 200 150 300 250 400
中序:30 40 45 50 55 60 61 100 150 200 250 300 400
后序:30 45 40 55 61 60 50 150 250 400 300 200 100