1.数据类型定义

在代码中为了清楚的表示一些错误和函数运行状态,我们预先定义一些变量来表示这些状态。在head.h头文件中有如下定义:

//定义数据结构中要用到的一些变量和类型
#ifndef HEAD_H
#define HEAD_H

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

#define TRUE  1
#define FALSE 0
#define OK    1
#define ERROR  0
#define INFEASIBLE -1
#define OVERFLOW   -2    //分配内存出错

typedef int  Status;     //函数返回值类型
typedef int  ElemType;   //用户定义的数据类型

#endif



2.数据结构实现

typedef struct BiNode{
	ElemType data;
	struct BiNode *left,*right;
}BiNode,*pBiNode;



3.二叉树代码实现

BiTree.h代码如下:

#ifndef BITREE_H
#define BITREE_H

#include "head.h"


typedef struct BiNode{
	ElemType data;
	struct BiNode *left,*right;
}BiNode,*pBiNode;


Status InsertRight(pBiNode &root,ElemType e);
Status InsertLeft(pBiNode &root,ElemType e);


Status InitBiTree(pBiNode &tree){
	tree=(pBiNode)malloc(sizeof(BiNode));
	if(!tree) return OVERFLOW;
	tree->data=-999999;
	tree->left=NULL;
	tree->right=NULL;
	return OK;
}
Status BiTreeEmpty(pBiNode root){
	if(root==NULL) return ERROR;
	return root->left==root->right && root->data==-999999;
}

Status HasNoNode(pBiNode root){
	if(root==NULL) return ERROR;
	return root->left==root->right ;
}

Status CreatTreeNode(pBiNode &node,ElemType e){
	node=(pBiNode)malloc(sizeof(BiNode));
	if(!node) return OVERFLOW;
	node->data=e;
	node->left=NULL;
	node->right=NULL;
	return OK;
}
Status InsertRight(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){
	if(root->right==NULL){
		if(e>root->data){
			pBiNode p;
			CreatTreeNode(p,e);
			root->right=p;
			return OK;
		}else{
			pBiNode p;
			CreatTreeNode(p,e);
			root->left=p;
			return OK;
		}

	}else{
		e>root->data? InsertRight(root->right,e):InsertLeft(root,e);
	}

}
Status InsertLeft(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){
	if(root->left==NULL){
		if(e>root->data){
			pBiNode p;
			CreatTreeNode(p,e);
			root->right=p;
			return OK;
		}else{
			pBiNode p;
			CreatTreeNode(p,e);
			root->left=p;
			return OK;
		}

	}else{
		e<=root->data?InsertLeft(root->left,e):InsertRight(root,e);
	}

}


Status InsertTree(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){
	if(BiTreeEmpty(root)){
		root->data=e;
		return true;
	}
	if(e>root->data){
		InsertRight(root,e);
	}else{
		InsertLeft(root,e);
	}
}


Status CreateBiTree(pBiNode &root,ElemType *a,int n){
	for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		InsertTree(root,a[i]);
	}
	return true;
}
Status print(ElemType e ){
	printf("%d ",e);
	return true;
}

Status PreOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){
	if(root){
		(*p)(root->data);
		PreOrderTraverse(root->left,p);
		PreOrderTraverse(root->right,p);
	}
	return OK;
}

Status MiddleOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){
	if(root){
		MiddleOrderTraverse(root->left,p);
		(*p)(root->data);
		MiddleOrderTraverse(root->right,p);
	}
	return OK;
}

Status AfterOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){
	if(root){
		AfterOrderTraverse(root->left,p);
		AfterOrderTraverse(root->right,p);
		(*p)(root->data);
	}
	return OK;
}

Status ClearBiTree(pBiNode &root){
	if(root){
		ClearBiTree(root->left);
		ClearBiTree(root->right);
		free(root);
		root==NULL;
	}
	return OK;
}


#endif



4.测试代码

#include "BiTree.h"

void main(){
	ElemType a[14]={100,50,200,40,30,45,60,55,61,200,150,300,250,400};
	pBiNode root;
	InitBiTree(root);
	CreateBiTree(root,a,14);

	printf("前序:");
	PreOrderTraverse(root,print);

	printf("\n中序:");
	MiddleOrderTraverse(root,print);

	printf("\n后序:");
	AfterOrderTraverse(root,print);

	ClearBiTree(root);

}


5.插入数据如下:

(C语言)二叉树实现(数据结构十三)_数据结构


6.测试结果

前序:100 50 40 30 45 60 55 61 200 150 300 250 400
中序:30 40 45 50 55 60 61 100 150 200 250 300 400
后序:30 45 40 55 61 60 50 150 250 400 300 200 100