这个执行顺序与类的加载有关,先看代码:

package com.gs;

class Fruit{
	private String colour;
	static {
		System.out.println(" 1 Fruit static");
	}
	{
		System.out.println(" 1 Fruit common");
	}
	public Fruit() {
		System.out.println(" 1 Fruit construction");
	}
}

class Apple extends Fruit{
	static {
		System.out.println(" 2 Apple static");
	}
	{
		System.out.println(" 2 Apple common");
	}
	public Apple() {
		System.out.println(" 2 Apple construction");
	}
}

public class ExecuteOrder {
	static {
		System.out.println(" 3 ExecuteOrder static");
	}
	{
		System.out.println(" 3 ExecuteOrder common");
	}
	public ExecuteOrder() {
		System.out.println(" 3 ExecuteOrder construction");
	}
	
	static public void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("#######################");
		Apple apple1 = new Apple();
		System.out.println("----------");
		Apple apple2 = new Apple();
	}

}

执行的结果,如下:

 3 ExecuteOrder static
#######################
 1 Fruit static
 2 Apple static
 1 Fruit common
 1 Fruit construction
 2 Apple common
 2 Apple construction
----------
 1 Fruit common
 1 Fruit construction
 2 Apple common
 2 Apple construction

 

加载ExecuteOrder.class的过程,(1)加载ExecuteOrder.class文件,(2)如果这个class文件,有依赖别的class文件,则加载别的class文件,(3)执行这个ExecuteOrder.class文件中的main函数(main函数是静态函数)。

由以上结果可知,静态代码块是在类加载的阶段执行的。

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修改main函数,如下:

class Fruit{
	private String colour;
	public static int XXX = 11;
	static {
		System.out.println(" 1 Fruit static");
	}
	{
		System.out.println(" 1 Fruit common");
	}
	public Fruit() {
		System.out.println(" 1 Fruit construction");
	}
	public static int getXXX() {
		return XXX;
	}
}

public class ExecuteOrder {
	static {
		System.out.println(" 3 ExecuteOrder static");
	}
	{
		System.out.println(" 3 ExecuteOrder common");
	}
	public ExecuteOrder() {
		System.out.println(" 3 ExecuteOrder construction");
	}
	
	static public void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("#######################");
		System.out.println("XXX=" + Fruit.XXX);
		System.out.println("XXX=" + Fruit.getXXX());
	}
}

(1)当静态变量  public static int XXX = 11; ,没有 final 修饰时,打印如下:

 3 ExecuteOrder static
#######################
 1 Fruit static
XXX=11
XXX=11

(2)当静态变量  public static final int XXX = 11; ,有 final 修饰时,打印如下:

 3 ExecuteOrder static
#######################
XXX=11
 1 Fruit static
XXX=11

原因分析:类的生命周期分为:加载、连接(验证、准备、解析)、初始化、使用、卸载。java虚拟机规范规定,初始化的情况,其中有一种是,被final修饰的static变量,是在编译器把结果放入常量池中。参见《深入理解java虚拟机》7.2节。