摘要:随着网站的访问量越来越多,所以就考虑给网站增加服务器了,现在比较流行的做法就是给网站做集群环境,下面我把我做的过程记录一下,方便日后查看,同时也希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友!
一:首先是环境:
1.jdk 1.6.0_45
2.tomcat 6.0.44
3.nginx 1.8.0
二:jdk,tomcat,nginx的安装:
1.jdk的安装请参考:点击打开链接
2.nginx的安装步骤
(1).首先下载nginx的windows版本,我这里下载的nginx 1.8.0版本,下载地址:点击打开链接
(2).下载完成后,直接解压到一个没有中文的路径下,我这里是解压到:D:\server\nginx-1.8.0
(3).通过dos命令进入nginx-1.8.0目录下启动nginx即可
(4)Windows下操作Nginx命令
1.启动
nginx.exe
start nginx
2.停止
nginx -s stop
nginx -s quit
stop表示立即停止nginx,不保存相关信息
quit表示正常退出nginx,并保存相关信息
3.重启
nginx -s reload
重启(因为改变了配置,需要重启)
3.tomcat的安装(直接到tomcat的官网下载解压缩版的即可)
三:把下载下载的tomcat分别复制3个,一共是个,其中三个做qdksDemo的集群环境用,另外三个做qdkyDemo的集群环境用,具体截图如下:
复制完成后,要分别修改每个tomcat的端口和session共享的配置,具体的配置如下:
1.第一处要修改的端口号
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
2.第二处要修改的端口号
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
3.第三处要修改的端口号
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
4.第四处要增加的session共享配置,这个可以查看tomcat的官方文档,里面有配置直接复制到server.xml中就可以,地址:
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/cluster-howto.html
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="6">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
mapSendOptions="6"/>
<!--
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
-->
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="5000"
selectorTimeout="100"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
这样一个tomcat的配置文件就修改完成了,其他5个tomcat的配置和这个流程一样,只是对于的端口不能一样
四:nginx的配置:
1.首先在nginx的目录下新建一个新的文件夹来存放不同项目之间的集群配置文件,如下图:
2.在manyvhost文件夹里面新建一个配置文件,分别对于两个项目的集群配置,如下图:
3.qdks.conf和qdky.conf的配置内容如下:
(1).qdks.conf
upstream qdks {
server localhost:8081 weight=1;
server localhost:8082 weight=1;
server localhost:8083 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 8086;
server_name 192.168.1.103;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
root /data/projects/ycp/bill;
# - rewrite: if( path ~ "^/assets/(.*)" ) goto "/public/assets/$1"
# location ~ ^/static/assets/(.*)$
# {
#alias /data/projects/payment/web/public/assets/$1;
# access_log off;
# #expires 3d;
# }
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.jsp;
}
location ~ .* {
# proxy_pass_header Server;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
# proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
add_header Pragma "no-cache";
proxy_pass http://qdks;
}
rewrite ^/admin/?$ /admin/login redirect;
# for rewrite
rewrite ^/(channel|admin|mobile|api|web)/(.*)$ /public/index.php/$2 last;
#redirect to mobile wap
#rewrite ^$ /m redirect;
#rewrite ^/$ /mobile/user redirect;
}
(2).qdky.conf
upstream qdky {
server localhost:7081 weight=1;
server localhost:7082 weight=1;
server localhost:7083 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 7086;
server_name 192.168.1.103;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
root /data/projects/ycp/bill;
# - rewrite: if( path ~ "^/assets/(.*)" ) goto "/public/assets/$1"
# location ~ ^/static/assets/(.*)$
# {
#alias /data/projects/payment/web/public/assets/$1;
# access_log off;
# #expires 3d;
# }
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.jsp;
}
location ~ .* {
# proxy_pass_header Server;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
# proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
add_header Pragma "no-cache";
proxy_pass http://qdky;
}
rewrite ^/admin/?$ /admin/login redirect;
# for rewrite
rewrite ^/(channel|admin|mobile|api|web)/(.*)$ /public/index.php/$2 last;
#redirect to mobile wap
#rewrite ^$ /m redirect;
#rewrite ^/$ /mobile/user redirect;
}
这两个配置文件就是我当前环境下的配置文件,其中qdks的项目的端口号8086,下面对应三个tomcat的端口为:8081,8082,8083;qdky的项目的端口号7086,下面对应三个tomcat的端口号为:7081,7082,7083
4.最后在nginx的conf目录下的nginx.conf核心配置文件中引入上面的两个项目的集群配置,如下:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 5000;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#隐藏nginx的版本号
server_tokens off;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
#access日志存放路径和格式
access_log logs/access.log;
#提升文件传输性能
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
#keepalive_timeout 65;
#设置客户端能够请求的单个文件大小
client_max_body_size 300m;
keepalive_timeout 75;
#proxy参数
#跟后端服务器连接的超时时间,发起握手等候响应超时时间
proxy_connect_timeout 5;
#连接成功后,等候后端服务器的响应时间
proxy_read_timeout 600;
#后端服务器数据回传时间
proxy_send_timeout 600;
#代理请求缓存区
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
#同上,告诉nginx保存单个用的几个buffer、最大用多空间
proxy_buffers 4 64k;
#如果系统很忙时可以申请更大的proxy_buffers,官方推荐*2
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
#gzip on;
#开启压缩功能
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
#压缩级别从低到高1-9
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#qdksDemo和qdkyDemo项目的虚拟目录(用绝对路径表示)
include D:/server/nginx-1.8.0/manyvhost/qdks.conf;
include D:/server/nginx-1.8.0/manyvhost/qdky.conf;
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 80;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
五:分别部署对应的项目,来测试我们上面配置的集群环境是否正常
1.下载对应的项目源代码,下载后解压到你的本地workspace下面,我的路径是:D:\workspace_qdexam\qdksDemo和D:\workspace_qdexam\qdkyDemo
qdksDemo的下载地址
qdkyDemo的下载地址
2.分别部署到对应的tomcat下面,这里我采用的是直接映射路径的方法
(1).qdksDemo的部署方法是,在对应的三个tomcat的conf\Catalina\localhost目录下新建一个配置文件qdksDemo.xml,该配置文件的内容如下:
<Context path="/qdksDemo" docBase="D:\workspace_qdexam\qdksDemo\WebContent" debug="0" privileged="true"> </Context>
(2).qdkyDemo的部署方法是,在对应的三个tomat的conf\Catalina\localhost目录下新建一个配置文件qdkyDemo.xml,该配置文件的内容如下:
<Context path="/qdkyDemo" docBase="D:\workspace_qdexam\qdkyDemo\WebContent" debug="0" privileged="true"></Context>
3.分别启动这6个tomcat,如下图:
4.启动nginx,如下图:
5.最后通过浏览器访问这两个项目,如下图:
分别点击刷新,你会发现上面的实际访问端口会变,但是下面的Session ID是不变的,这就说明基于nginx和tocmat的集群搭建成功了!
最后我把我的tomcat和nginx都打包上传,供大家参考!
tomcat的配置压缩包下载地址
nginx的配置压缩包下载地址