集合操作

UNION 及 UNION ALL UNION :列名,数据类型要一致,结果会默认ASC自动排序 UNION ALL :结果不会去重,不排序,其他和UNION一样 用类似to_char(null), to_number(null), to_date(null) 来填充缺列的情况; 如: select job_id from employees UNION select job_id from retired_employees

如: select job_id,department_id from employees UNION ALL select job_id,department_id from retired_employees order by job_id;

intersect 取交集 结果会排序,会去重 如: select manager_id,department_id from employees INTERSECT select manager_id,department_id from retired_employees;

MINUS 前select的结果减去和后select的去重复的结果 如: select employee_id, job_id from employees where department_id=80 MINUS select employee_id, job_id from retired_employees where department_id=90

以上4种输出结果都只关心第1条select的定义 order by 只能放在最后,且只能出现1次,且不能放在子查询里。 parenthes 括号可以更改执行优先级。