- 客户端侧负载均衡
在下图中,负载均衡能力算法是由内容中心提供,内容中心相对于用户中心来说,是用户中心的客户端,所以又被称为客户端侧负载均衡
自定义实现Client Random负载均衡
- 获取所有的服务list
- 随机获取需要访问的服务信息
// 自定义客户端负载均衡能力
// 获取所有用户中心服务的实例列表
List<String> targetUris = instances.stream().map(i -> i.getUri().toString() + "/users/{id}").collect(Collectors.toList());
//获取随机实例
int i = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(targetUris.size());
//调用用户微服务 /users/{userId}
log.info("请求的目标地址:{}", targetUris.get(i));
ResponseEntity<UserDTO> userEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(
targetUris.get(i),
UserDTO.class, userId
);
Ribbon
什么是Ribbon
Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目,主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法。
组成接口
![image-20190713132523310](/Users/zhangpan/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20190713132523310.png)
内置负载均衡规则
![image-20190713133911384](/Users/zhangpan/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20190713133911384.png)
配置方式
- Java 代码配置
/**
* RibbonConfiguration for TODO
*
* @author <a href="mailto:magicianisaac@gmail.com">Isaac.Zhang | 若初</a>
* @since 2019/7/13
*/
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfiguration {
@Bean
public IRule ribbonRule(){
return new RandomRule();
}
}
/*------------------------------------------------------------*/
/**
* UserCenterRibbonConfiguration for 自定义实现User-center service ribbon client
*
* @author <a href="mailto:magicianisaac@gmail.com">Isaac.Zhang | 若初</a>
* @since 2019/7/13
*/
@Configuration
@RibbonClient(name = "user-center", configuration = RibbonConfiguration.class)
public class UserCenterRibbonConfiguration {
}
/*------------------------------------------------------------*/
@Configuration
//@RibbonClient(name = "user-center", configuration = RibbonConfiguration.class) //作用域为 user-center
@RibbonClients(defaultConfiguration = RibbonConfiguration.class) //作用域为全局
public class UserCenterRibbonConfiguration {
}
- 使用配置文件
user-center: # service name
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule # 规则类的全路径名称
- 对比
![image-20190713142916635](/Users/zhangpan/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20190713142916635.png)
- 最佳使用
- 尽量使用属性配置
- 在同一个微服务中尽量保持单一配置,不要混合使用,增加定位复杂性
Tip
在使用Ribbon的时候,配置class一定不能处于启动类的同级目录及其子目录,否则会导致父子上下文重叠问题,带来的结果就是,Ribbon规则会被配置称全局配置规则,从而被所有微服务应用。
![image-20190713141743025](/Users/zhangpan/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20190713141743025.png)
The
CustomConfiguration
class must be a@Configuration
class, but take care that it is not in a@ComponentScan
for the main application context. Otherwise, it is shared by all the@RibbonClients
. If you use@ComponentScan
(or@SpringBootApplication
), you need to take steps to avoid it being included (for instance, you can put it in a separate, non-overlapping package or specify the packages to scan explicitly in the@ComponentScan
).
Ribbon 饥饿加载
默认情况下,Ribbon是懒加载
,在第一次请求的时候才会创建客户端。
ribbon:
eager-load:
enabled: true # 饥饿加载激活
clients: user-center,xxx,xxx # 为哪些clients开启
使用Ribbon 替代自定义实现
- 添加依赖(Spring-Cloud-Alibaba-Nacos-Discovery已经依赖了Ribbon,因此不需要额外依赖)
- 添加注解(只需要在RestTemplate IOC添加
@LoadBalance
)
/**
* 在Spring 容器中,创建一个对象,类型是{@link RestTemplate}
* 名称/ID 为 restTemplate
* <bean id ="restTemplate" class="XXX.RestTemplate" />
* {@link LoadBalanced} 为RestTemplate整合Ribbon调用
*
* @return restTemplate
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
添加配置,直接使用
ResponseEntity<UserDTO> userEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(
"http://user-center/users/{userId}",
UserDTO.class, userId
);
扩展Ribbon - 支持Nacos权重
- 实现接口
com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule
- 实现抽象类
com.netflix.loadbalancer.AbstractLoadBalancerRule
![image-20190713150041397](/Users/zhangpan/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20190713150041397.png)
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class NacosWeightRule4Ribbon extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {
private final NacosDiscoveryProperties nacosDiscoveryProperties;
@Override
public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
// 读取配置文件,并初始化 NacosWeightRule4Ribbon
}
@Override
public Server choose(Object key) {
try {
// ILoadBalancer 是Ribbon的入口,基本上我们想要的元素都可以在这个对象中找到
BaseLoadBalancer loadBalancer = (BaseLoadBalancer) this.getLoadBalancer();
log.info("NacosWeightRule4Ribbon lb = {}", loadBalancer);
// 想要请求的微服务名称
String name = loadBalancer.getName();
// 实现负载均衡算法
// 可得到服务发现相关的API(nacos内部实现)
NamingService namingService = nacosDiscoveryProperties.namingServiceInstance();
// nacos client 通过基于权重的负载均衡算法,选择一个实例
Instance instance = namingService.selectOneHealthyInstance(name);
log.info("port = {}, weight = {}, instance = {}", instance.getPort(), instance.getWeight(), instance);
return new NacosServer(instance);
} catch (NacosException e) {
log.error("NacosWeightRule4Ribbon {}", e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
}
@Configuration
@RibbonClients(defaultConfiguration = NacosWeightRule4Ribbon.class) //全局配置
public class UserCenterRibbonConfiguration {
}
拓展Ribbon - 同集群优先
public Server choose(Object key) {
try {
// 获取到配置文件中的集群名称 BJ
String clusterName = nacosDiscoveryProperties.getClusterName();
BaseLoadBalancer loadBalancer = (BaseLoadBalancer) this.getLoadBalancer();
String serviceName = loadBalancer.getName();
//获取服务发现的相关API
NamingService namingService = nacosDiscoveryProperties.namingServiceInstance();
// 1. 找到指定服务的所有实例 A
List<Instance> instances = namingService.selectInstances(serviceName, true);
// 2. 过滤出相同集群下的所有实例 B
List<Instance> sameClusterInstances = instances.stream()
.filter(instance -> Objects.equals(instance.getClusterName(), clusterName))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// 3. 如果B为空,则使用 A
List<Instance> instancesChoosen = new ArrayList<>();
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(sameClusterInstances)) {
instancesChoosen = instances;
log.warn("发生跨集群调用,name = {},clusterName = {}", serviceName, clusterName);
} else {
instancesChoosen = sameClusterInstances;
}
// 4. 基于权重的负载均衡算法,返回一个实例 A
Instance instance = ExtendBalancer.getHostByRandomWeightOverride(instancesChoosen);
log.info("choose instance is : port = {}, instance = {}", instance.getPort(), instance);
return new NacosServer(instance);
} catch (NacosException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getErrMsg());
}
return null;
}
/**
* 调用Nacos内部方法,进行一次包装
*/
class ExtendBalancer extends Balancer {
public static Instance getHostByRandomWeightOverride(List<Instance> hosts) {
return getHostByRandomWeight(hosts);
}
}
扩展Ribbon - 基于元数据的版本控制
| [51CTO]