首先 在项目中安装依赖包依赖包:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer (注意版本)
然后我们新建一个 JwtHelpers 帮助类 配置合法有效的JWT Token
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
namespace JwtAuthDemo.Helpers
{
public class JwtHelpers
{
private readonly IConfiguration Configuration;
public JwtHelpers(IConfiguration configuration)
{
this.Configuration = configuration;
}
public string GenerateToken(string userName, int expireMinutes = 30)
{
var issuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer");
var signKey = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey");
// 設定要加入到 JWT Token 中的聲明資訊(Claims)
var claims = new List<Claim>();
// 在 RFC 7519 規格中(Section#4),總共定義了 7 個預設的 Claims,我們應該只用的到兩種!
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, issuer));
claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, userName)); // User.Identity.Name
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Aud, "The Audience"));
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString()));
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Nbf, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字
claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString())); // JWT ID
// 網路上常看到的這個 NameId 設定是多餘的
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.NameId, userName));
// 這個 Claim 也以直接被 JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub 取代,所以也是多餘的
//claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName));
// 你可以自行擴充 "roles" 加入登入者該有的角色
claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Admin"));
claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Users"));
var userClaimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims);
// 建立一組對稱式加密的金鑰,主要用於 JWT 簽章之用
var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signKey));
// HmacSha256 有要求必須要大於 128 bits,所以 key 不能太短,至少要 16 字元以上
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47279947/idx10603-the-algorithm-hs256-requires-the-securitykey-keysize-to-be-greater
var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature);
// 建立 SecurityTokenDescriptor
var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
Issuer = issuer,
//Audience = issuer, // 由於你的 API 受眾通常沒有區分特別對象,因此通常不太需要設定,也不太需要驗證
//NotBefore = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now
//IssuedAt = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now
Subject = userClaimsIdentity,
Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expireMinutes),
SigningCredentials = signingCredentials
};
// 產出所需要的 JWT securityToken 物件,並取得序列化後的 Token 結果(字串格式)
var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor);
var serializeToken = tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken);
return serializeToken;
}
}
}
以上配置 需要读取组态设定,所以需要在 appsettings.json 里进行配置
"JwtSettings": {
"Issuer": "JwtAuthDemo",
"SignKey": "1Zl4h9703IzROikK3@uK&&OEb"
}
不要忘记在 Startup 中注入
services.AddSingleton<JwtHelpers>();
Startup 中开启Swagger认证 (写在 services.AddSwaggerGen 的 Lambda 里)
#region 开启Swagger认证
c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer", new OpenApiSecurityScheme()
{
Description = "在下框中输入请求头中需要添加Jwt授权Token:Bearer Token",
Name = "Authorization",
In = ParameterLocation.Header,
Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey,
BearerFormat = "JWT",
Scheme = "Bearer"
});
c.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement
{
{
new OpenApiSecurityScheme
{
Reference = new OpenApiReference {
Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme,
Id = "Bearer"
}
},
new string[] { }
}
});
#endregion
验证(Startup)
services
.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options =>
{
// 當驗證失敗時,回應標頭會包含 WWW-Authenticate 標頭,這裡會顯示失敗的詳細錯誤原因
options.IncludeErrorDetails = true; // 預設值為 true,有時會特別關閉
options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
// 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "sub" 取值並設定給 User.Identity.Name
NameClaimType = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier",
// 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "roles" 取值,並可讓 [Authorize] 判斷角色
RoleClaimType = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role",
// 一般我們都會驗證 Issuer
ValidateIssuer = true,
ValidIssuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer"),
// 通常不太需要驗證 Audience
ValidateAudience = false,
//ValidAudience = "JwtAuthDemo", // 不驗證就不需要填寫
// 一般我們都會驗證 Token 的有效期間
ValidateLifetime = true,
// 如果 Token 中包含 key 才需要驗證,一般都只有簽章而已
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = false,
// "1234567890123456" 應該從 IConfiguration 取得
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey")))
};
});
开启验证
//验证
app.UseAuthentication();
//授权
app.UseAuthorization();
如上配置,就可以开始使用JWT
这里我们直接使用 ASP.NET Core 内建的 [Authorize]
以下是示例
using JwtAuthDemo.Helpers;
using Lx20211109.Model;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Lx20211109.Controllers
{
//授权过滤器
[Authorize]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class LoginController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly JwtHelpers _jwtHelpers;
public LoginController(JwtHelpers jwtHelpers)
{
_jwtHelpers = jwtHelpers;
}
//任何请求都能访问该方法
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpPost,Route("signin")]
public IActionResult Login(LoginModel model) {
if (ValidateUser(model))
{
return Ok(_jwtHelpers.GenerateToken(model.UserName));
}
else
{
return BadRequest();
}
}
[HttpGet,Route("ValidateUser")]
public bool ValidateUser(LoginModel model) {
return true;
}
[HttpGet, Route("Test")]
public IActionResult Test() {
return Ok("Test");
}
}
}
首先 在项目中安装依赖包依赖包:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer (注意版本)
然后我们新建一个 JwtHelpers 帮助类 配置合法有效的JWT Token
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
namespace JwtAuthDemo.Helpers
{
public class JwtHelpers
{
private readonly IConfiguration Configuration;
public JwtHelpers(IConfiguration configuration)
{
this.Configuration = configuration;
}
public string GenerateToken(string userName, int expireMinutes = 30)
{
var issuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer");
var signKey = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey");
// 設定要加入到 JWT Token 中的聲明資訊(Claims)
var claims = new List<Claim>();
// 在 RFC 7519 規格中(Section#4),總共定義了 7 個預設的 Claims,我們應該只用的到兩種!
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, issuer));
claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, userName)); // User.Identity.Name
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Aud, "The Audience"));
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString()));
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Nbf, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字
claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString())); // JWT ID
// 網路上常看到的這個 NameId 設定是多餘的
//claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.NameId, userName));
// 這個 Claim 也以直接被 JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub 取代,所以也是多餘的
//claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName));
// 你可以自行擴充 "roles" 加入登入者該有的角色
claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Admin"));
claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Users"));
var userClaimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims);
// 建立一組對稱式加密的金鑰,主要用於 JWT 簽章之用
var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signKey));
// HmacSha256 有要求必須要大於 128 bits,所以 key 不能太短,至少要 16 字元以上
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47279947/idx10603-the-algorithm-hs256-requires-the-securitykey-keysize-to-be-greater
var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature);
// 建立 SecurityTokenDescriptor
var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
Issuer = issuer,
//Audience = issuer, // 由於你的 API 受眾通常沒有區分特別對象,因此通常不太需要設定,也不太需要驗證
//NotBefore = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now
//IssuedAt = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now
Subject = userClaimsIdentity,
Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expireMinutes),
SigningCredentials = signingCredentials
};
// 產出所需要的 JWT securityToken 物件,並取得序列化後的 Token 結果(字串格式)
var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor);
var serializeToken = tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken);
return serializeToken;
}
}
}
以上配置 需要读取组态设定,所以需要在 appsettings.json 里进行配置
"JwtSettings": {
"Issuer": "JwtAuthDemo",
"SignKey": "1Zl4h9703IzROikK3@uK&&OEb"
}
不要忘记在 Startup 中注入
services.AddSingleton<JwtHelpers>();
Startup 中开启Swagger认证 (写在 services.AddSwaggerGen 的 Lambda 里)
#region 开启Swagger认证
c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer", new OpenApiSecurityScheme()
{
Description = "在下框中输入请求头中需要添加Jwt授权Token:Bearer Token",
Name = "Authorization",
In = ParameterLocation.Header,
Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey,
BearerFormat = "JWT",
Scheme = "Bearer"
});
c.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement
{
{
new OpenApiSecurityScheme
{
Reference = new OpenApiReference {
Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme,
Id = "Bearer"
}
},
new string[] { }
}
});
#endregion
验证(Startup)
services
.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options =>
{
// 當驗證失敗時,回應標頭會包含 WWW-Authenticate 標頭,這裡會顯示失敗的詳細錯誤原因
options.IncludeErrorDetails = true; // 預設值為 true,有時會特別關閉
options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
// 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "sub" 取值並設定給 User.Identity.Name
NameClaimType = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier",
// 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "roles" 取值,並可讓 [Authorize] 判斷角色
RoleClaimType = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role",
// 一般我們都會驗證 Issuer
ValidateIssuer = true,
ValidIssuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer"),
// 通常不太需要驗證 Audience
ValidateAudience = false,
//ValidAudience = "JwtAuthDemo", // 不驗證就不需要填寫
// 一般我們都會驗證 Token 的有效期間
ValidateLifetime = true,
// 如果 Token 中包含 key 才需要驗證,一般都只有簽章而已
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = false,
// "1234567890123456" 應該從 IConfiguration 取得
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey")))
};
});
开启验证
//验证
app.UseAuthentication();
//授权
app.UseAuthorization();
如上配置,就可以开始使用JWT
这里我们直接使用 ASP.NET Core 内建的 [Authorize]
以下是示例
using JwtAuthDemo.Helpers;
using Lx20211109.Model;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Lx20211109.Controllers
{
//授权过滤器
[Authorize]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class LoginController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly JwtHelpers _jwtHelpers;
public LoginController(JwtHelpers jwtHelpers)
{
_jwtHelpers = jwtHelpers;
}
//任何请求都能访问该方法
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpPost,Route("signin")]
public IActionResult Login(LoginModel model) {
if (ValidateUser(model))
{
return Ok(_jwtHelpers.GenerateToken(model.UserName));
}
else
{
return BadRequest();
}
}
[HttpGet,Route("ValidateUser")]
public bool ValidateUser(LoginModel model) {
return true;
}
[HttpGet, Route("Test")]
public IActionResult Test() {
return Ok("Test");
}
}
}