一、方式一
1、alter add 命令用来增加表的字段
alter add命令格式：alter table 表名 add字段 类型 其他；
alter table car_evidence add `unit_name` varchar(64) comment '单位'
2、alter drop 命令删除表的字段
alter drop 命令格式：alter table 表名 drop column 字段；
alter table car_evidence drop column `unit_name`;
3、alter modify 命令修改表的字段
alter modify 命令格式：alter table 表名 modify 字段 其他；
alter table t_plan MODIFY box_size VARCHAR(32) comment '盒内的数量';
二、方式二
1.增加一个字段
alter table user add COLUMN new1 VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL; //增加一个字段，默认为空
alter table user add COLUMN new2 VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL; //增加一个字段，默认不能为空
2.删除一个字段
alter table user DROP COLUMN new2; //删除一个字段
3.修改一个字段
alter table user MODIFY new1 VARCHAR(10); //修改一个字段的类型
alter table user CHANGE new1 new4 int; //修改一个字段的名称，此时一定要重新指定该字段的类型
mysql> create table id_name(id int,name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
1.增加两个字段
mysql> alter table id_name add age int,add address varchar(11);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc id_name；
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.删除两个字段
mysql> alter table id_name drop column age,drop column address;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc id_name;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.插入
mysql> insert into id_name values (1,'qustdjx');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
4.查询看一下
mysql> alter table id_name add age int,add address varchar(11);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from id_name;
+------+---------+------+---------+
| id | name | age | address |
+------+---------+------+---------+
| 1 | qustdjx | NULL | NULL |
+------+---------+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.新增字段并插入
mysql> insert into id_name values(2,'qust',14,'山东');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from id_name;
+------+---------+------+---------+
| id | name | age | address |
+------+---------+------+---------+
| 1 | qustdjx | NULL | NULL |
| 2 | qust | 14 | 山东 |
+------+---------+------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
