1.有主键
update T a set newOrder=
(select row_number() over (order by amount desc) from T b where a.id=b.id)
where exists(select 1 from T b where a.id=b.id)

2.无主键使用rowid关联
UPDATE T a SET a.neworder =
(SELECT b.newOrder FROM
(SELECT row_number() over(ORDER BY amount DESC) newOrder,ROWID browid FROM T) b
WHERE b.browid = a.rowid)