[root@szm test]# mdadm --help-options
Any parameter that does not start with '-' is treated as a device name
or, for --examine-bitmap, a file name.
The first such name is often the name of an md device. Subsequent
names are often names of component devices.
Some common options are:
--help -h : General help message or, after above option,
mode specific help message
--help-options : This help message
--version -V : Print version information for mdadm
--verbose -v : Be more verbose about what is happening
--quiet -q : Don't print un-necessary messages
--brief -b : Be less verbose, more brief
--export -Y : With --detail, use key=value format for easy
import into environment
--force -f : Override normal checks and be more forceful
--assemble -A : Assemble an array----组建一个已经存在的阵列
--build -B : Build an array without metadata
--create -C : Create a new array
--detail -D : Display details of an array
--examine -E : Examine superblock on an array component
--examine-bitmap -X: Display the detail of a bitmap file
--monitor -F : monitor (follow) some arrays
--grow -G : resize/ reshape and array---调整阵列大小
--incremental -I : add/remove a single device to/from an array as appropriate
--query -Q : Display general information about how a
device relates to the md driver
--auto-detect : Start arrays auto-detected by the kernel
--offroot : Set first character of argv[0] to @ to indicate the
application was launched from initrd/initramfs and
should not be shutdown by systemd as part of the
regular shutdown process.
-f：强制执行一个操作
s：扫描已激活阵列的扩展信息
x：指定热备磁盘的个数
l：指定阵列级别
-a：创建阵列的时候按用户回答的 命令执行相关操作
-S：停止一个阵列；
-m：给阵列指定的邮件地址发送一封提示信息的邮件
-y：将所有事件通过syslog服务记录日志信息；
-f：故障一个阵列中的磁盘
-a：添加磁盘到阵列
-r：从阵列中删除一个磁盘；
配置文件:/etc/mdadm简单说明：man mdadm
DEVICE：参与陈列的硬盘或分区设备名称，如/dev/sdb1;
ARRAY：定义所管理陈列的设备和参与这个阵列的磁盘成员，后
spare-group：设定阵列中热备磁盘的共享组；
MAILADDR：
MAILFROM：
PROGRAM：用户在远行mdadm -monitor阵列监控命令的时候所生成的事件信息；
Create：用户在创建阵列的时候设置的值，如“-a yes”提示系统创建阵列设备文件；
HOMEHOST：与-homehost参数功能相同
[root@szm test]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l0 -n2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2----（RAID 0）
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
| [root@szm test]# watch -n1 'cat /proc/mdstat'，可以实时查看内在中的RAID状态信息。这样就可以监控RAIN设备的创建过程 |
[root@szm pub]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Mar 11 20:31:05 2013
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 320512 (313.05 MiB 328.20 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Mar 11 20:31:05 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : szm:0 (local to host szm)
UUID : 40dbde6c:938f4cce:4bf157ef:2d475d90
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2
[root@szm Desktop]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -a yes -l1 -n2 -x1 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb8
| RAID1，并添加一个热备磁盘为/dev/sdb8 |
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? (y/n) y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@szm Desktop]# watch -n1 'cat /proc/mdstat'
Every 1.0s: cat /proc/mdstat Mon Mar 11 20:56:11 2013
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdb8[2](S) sdb7[1] sdb6[0]-------热备sdb8
16000 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md127 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
320512 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
unused devices: <none>
|
U:设备工作正常，"_"下划线表示设备不正常 |
[root@szm Desktop]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Mar 11 20:54:16 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 16000 (15.63 MiB 16.38 MB)
Used Dev Size : 16000 (15.63 MiB 16.38 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Mar 11 20:54:19 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : szm:1 (local to host szm)
UUID : e1678f4c:da866bb9:d31def1c:6d065256
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 22 0 active sync /dev/sdb6
1 8 23 1 active sync /dev/sdb7
2 8 24 - spare /dev/sdb8
[root@szm Desktop]# mdadm -C /dev/md2 -a yes -l5 -n3 /dev/sdb9 /dev/sdb10 /dev/sdb11
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md2 started.
[root@szm Desktop]# mdadm -D /dev/md2
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Mar 11 21:07:18 2013
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31744 (31.01 MiB 32.51 MB)
Used Dev Size : 15872 (15.50 MiB 16.25 MB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Mar 11 21:07:21 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : szm:2 (local to host szm)
UUID : 20d48ed4:df7e95f5:8910c556:b6a1eaa5
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 25 0 active sync /dev/sdb9
1 8 26 1 active sync /dev/sdb10
3 8 27 2 active sync /dev/sdb11
[root@szm Desktop]# watch -n1 'cat /proc/mdstat'
Every 1.0s: cat /proc/mdstat Mon Mar 11 21:09:03 2013
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md2 : active raid5 sdb11[3] sdb10[1] sdb9[0]
31744 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
md126 : active raid0 sdb1[0] sdb2[1]
320512 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
md127 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb7[1] sdb8[2](S) sdb6[0]
16000 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@szm mnt]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md126
[root@szm mnt]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md127
[root@szm mnt]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md2
[root@szm mnt]# mount /dev/md126 /mnt/md0/
[root@szm mnt]# mount /dev/md127 /mnt/md1
[root@szm mnt]# mount /dev/md2 /mnt/md2
[root@szm mnt]# mount | grep -i md
/dev/md126 on /mnt/md0 type ext3 (rw)
/dev/md127 on /mnt/md1 type ext3 (rw)
/dev/md2 on /mnt/md2 type ext3 (rw)
[root@szm test]# ll RAIDtest -h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10M Mar 11 21:16 RAIDtest
[root@szm test]# cp RAIDtest /mnt/md0
[root@szm test]# cp RAIDtest /mnt/md1
[root@szm test]# cp RAIDtest /mnt/md2
[root@szm test]# df -h | grep md
/dev/md126 304M 21M 268M 7% /mnt/md0
/dev/md127 16M 12M 3.2M 78% /mnt/md1
/dev/md2 31M 12M 18M 41% /mnt/md2
|
1.生成阵列配置文件2.添加阵列故障邮件地址为Root； |
[root@szm test]# mdadm --examine --scan > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@szm test]# echo "MAILADDR root" >> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@szm test]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=40dbde6c:938f4cce:4bf157ef:2d475d90 name=szm:0
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 UUID=e1678f4c:da866bb9:d31def1c:6d065256 name=szm:1
spares=1
ARRAY /dev/md/2 metadata=1.2 UUID=20d48ed4:df7e95f5:8910c556:b6a1eaa5 name=szm:2
MAILADDR root
| 镜像盘gu'zhan |
[root@szm test]# mdadm /dev/md127 -f /dev/sdb8 -r /dev/sdb8
mdadm: set /dev/sdb8 faulty in /dev/md127
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb8 from /dev/md127
[root@szm test]# watch -n1 'cat /proc/mdstat'
Every 1.0s: cat /proc/mdstat Mon Mar 11 21:27:37 2013
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md2 : active raid5 sdb11[3] sdb10[1] sdb9[0]
31744 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
md126 : active raid0 sdb1[0] sdb2[1]
320512 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
md127 : active raid1 sdb7[1] sdb6[0]
16000 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]-------------已经修复了
unused devices: <none>
[root@szm test]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Mar 11 20:54:16 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 16000 (15.63 MiB 16.38 MB)
Used Dev Size : 16000 (15.63 MiB 16.38 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Mar 11 21:25:32 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : szm:1 (local to host szm)
UUID : e1678f4c:da866bb9:d31def1c:6d065256
Events : 19
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 22 0 active sync /dev/sdb6
1 8 23 1 active sync /dev/sdb7
| RAID5故障模拟： |
[root@szm test]# mdadm /dev/md2 -f /dev/sdb11 -r /dev/sdb11
mdadm: set /dev/sdb11 faulty in /dev/md2
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb11 from /dev/md2
[root@szm test]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md2 : active raid5 sdb10[1] sdb9[0]
31744 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_]
md126 : active raid0 sdb1[0] sdb2[1]
320512 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
md127 : active raid1 sdb7[1] sdb6[0]
16000 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@szm test]#
[root@szm test]# mdadm -D /dev/md2
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Mar 11 21:07:18 2013
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31744 (31.01 MiB 32.51 MB)
Used Dev Size : 15872 (15.50 MiB 16.25 MB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Mar 11 21:29:52 2013
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : szm:2 (local to host szm)
UUID : 20d48ed4:df7e95f5:8910c556:b6a1eaa5
Events : 20
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 25 0 active sync /dev/sdb9
1 8 26 1 active sync /dev/sdb10
2 0 0 2 removed
| 故障恢复： |
[root@szm test]# mdadm /dev/md2 -a /dev/sdb11
mdadm: added /dev/sdb11
[root@szm test]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md2 : active raid5 sdb11[3] sdb10[1] sdb9[0]
31744 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
md126 : active raid0 sdb1[0] sdb2[1]
320512 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
md127 : active raid1 sdb7[1] sdb6[0]
16000 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@szm test]# mdadm -D /dev/md2
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Mar 11 21:07:18 2013
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31744 (31.01 MiB 32.51 MB)
Used Dev Size : 15872 (15.50 MiB 16.25 MB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Mar 11 21:32:18 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : szm:2 (local to host szm)
UUID : 20d48ed4:df7e95f5:8910c556:b6a1eaa5
Events : 41
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 25 0 active sync /dev/sdb9
1 8 26 1 active sync /dev/sdb10
3 8 27 2 active sync /dev/sdb11
| 启用阵列监控服务：上面已经配置好了，1那里。 |
[root@szm test]# /etc/init.d/mdmonitor restart
Killing mdmonitor: [ OK ]
Starting mdmon: [ OK ]
Starting mdmonitor: [ OK ]
N 29 mdadm monitoring Mon Mar 11 21:40 35/1106 "FailSpare event on /dev/md2:szm"
& 29
Message 29:
From root@szm.localdomain Mon Mar 11 21:40:34 2013
Return-Path: <root@szm.localdomain>
X-Original-To: root
Delivered-To: root@szm.localdomain
From: mdadm monitoring <root@szm.localdomain>
To: root@szm.localdomain
Subject: FailSpare event on /dev/md2:szm
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2013 21:40:34 +0800 (CST)
Status: R
This is an automatically generated mail message from mdadm
running on szm
A FailSpare event had been detected on md device /dev/md2.
It could be related to component device /dev/sdb11.
Faithfully yours, etc.
P.S. The /proc/mdstat file currently contains the following:
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md2 : active raid5 sdb10[1] sdb9[0]
31744 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_]
md126 : active raid0 sdb1[0] sdb2[1]
320512 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
md127 : active raid1 sdb7[1] sdb6[0]
16000 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
&
| 删除阵列 |
[root@szm ~]# umount /mnt/md0
[root@szm ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md126
[root@szm ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf ------------删除对应内容
