Kubernetes 安装单机(v1.23.5)版本
1.查看系统版本信息以及修改配置信息
1.1 查看cpu信息 k8s安装至少需要2核2G的环境，否则会安装失败
~]# lscpu
1.2 安装k8s时，临时关闭swap ，如果不关闭在执行kubeadm部分命令会报错
~]# swapoff -a
1.3 安装k8s时，可以临时关闭selinux，减少额外配置
~]# setenforce 0
1.4 关闭防火墙
~]# systemctl stop firewalld
~]# systemctl disable firewalld
1.5 设置网桥参数
~]# cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
1.6 修改hosts文件 方便查看域名映射
~]# cat /etc/hosts
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
172.19.120.142 iZ2ze9699wxpu0ij18w0mxZ iZ2ze9699wxpu0ij18w0mxZ
172.19.120.142 master //这里我设置为master了
1.7 修改hostname
~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master
2. 安装docker
2.1 使用阿里云安装
~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
设置repo源为阿里云
~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
~]# yum -y install docker-ce
2.2 修改docker的 /etc/docker/daemon.json文件
如果没有该文件则直接创建
~]# sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
设置国内阿里云docker源，地址改为自己在阿里云容器镜像服务申请的地址即可。
设置cgroupdriver为systemd，这步尤为重要，笔者就是因为没设置走了很多弯路
~]# sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://xcjha0pw.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
2.3 修改完成后 重启docker ，使docker与kubelet的cgroup 驱动一致
~]# sudo systemctl daemon-reload
~]# sudo systemctl restart docker
2.4 设置docker开机启动
~]# systemctl enable docker
3.安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl
3.1 配置k8s下载资源配置文件（阿里云yum源）
~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
3.2 安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl
~]# yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet-1.23.5 kubeadm-1.23.5 kubectl-1.23.5
kubelet ：运行在cluster，负责启动pod管理容器
kubeadm ：k8s快速构建工具，用于初始化cluster
kubectl ：k8s命令工具，部署和管理应用，维护组件
3.2.1 查看是否安装成功
~]# kubelet --version
~]# kubectl version
~]# kubeadm version
3.3 启动kubelet
~]# systemctl daemon-reload
~]# systemctl start kubelet
设置kubelet开机启动
~]# systemctl enable kubelet
3.4 拉取init-config配置 并修改配置
init-config 主要由 api server、etcd、scheduler、controller-manager、coredns等镜像构成
~]# kubeadm config print init-defaults > init-config.yaml
3.4.1 修改 刚才拉取的init-config.yaml文件，共3处修改
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4 //修改1 master节点IP地址 可cat /etc/hosts 看到
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: master //修改2 master节点node的名称
taints: null
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers //修改3 修改为阿里云地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.23.0
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
3.5 拉取k8s相关镜像
~]# kubeadm config images pull --config=init-config.yaml
如果镜像拉取失败，可以通过命令列出需要的镜像后逐个拉取，命令如下：
~]# kubeadm config images list --config init-config.yaml
显示如下（版本可能有所差别）：
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.1-0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6
3.6 运行kubeadm init安装master节点
注意要把172.19.120.142替换成你自己的网卡IP，此行命令建议不要直接点复制按钮复制，因为粘贴后立马执行了
~]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.19.120.142 --apiserver-bind-port=6443 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --kubernetes-version=1.23.5 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
不出意外的话，到此你已经看到安装成功的信息了
3.7 如果安装失败可以执行命令重新安装
kubeadm reset //重置集群
//然后再重新执行上面提到的kubeadm init命令
3.8 在master节点运行以下三行命令 执行完成后可以通过 kubeadm token list获取token
~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
4. 部署网络插件kube-flannel
~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
如果网络不好下载不下来也可以直接复制以下内容新建yml文件执行
---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel
labels:
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
#image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.0
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.0
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- name: xtables-lock
mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
5.去除master节点的污点
~]# kubectl describe node master |grep Taints
Taints: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
删除污点，根据查询到的污点名称进行删除，在污点名称后加-符号即可
~]# kubectl taint node master node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-(注意要加个 - 号)
6.K8S命令tab键补全
~]# echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >> /etc/profile
~]# source /etc/profile
~]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-s9b8l 1/1 Running 6 12d
kube-system coredns-6d8c4cb4d-f9ms4 1/1 Running 6 12d
kube-system coredns-6d8c4cb4d-kq6vg 1/1 Running 6 12d
kube-system etcd-rocky9-3 1/1 Running 6 12d
kube-system kube-apiserver-rocky9-3 1/1 Running 6 12d
kube-system kube-controller-manager-rocky9-3 1/1 Running 6 12d
kube-system kube-proxy-dkmss 1/1 Running 6 12d
kube-system kube-scheduler-rocky9-3 1/1 Running 6 12dKubernetes 安装单机(v1.23.5)版本
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