自定义排序方法:
在日常的刷题或开发中,很多时候我们需要对数据进行排序,以达到我们的预期效果的作用。那么这些排序方法具体怎么实现和使用呢?本文就来好好缕一缕,总结一下这些方法:
Comparable && Comparator的使用: Comparable: 当我们对类中的对象进行比较时,要保证对象时可比较的,这时我们就需要用到Comparable 或 Comparator接口,然后重写里面的compareTo()方法。假设我们有一个学生类,默认需要按照学生的年龄age排序,具体实现如下:
class Student implements Comparable{ private int id; private int age; private String name;
public Student(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
//降序
//return o.age - this.age;
//升序
return this.age - o.age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
这里说一下 public int compareTo(Student o) 方法,它返回三种 int 类型的值: 负整数,零 ,正整数:
返回值 含义 正整数 当前对象的值 > 比较对象的值,升序排序 零 当前对象的值 = 比较对象的值,不变 负整数 当前对象的值 < 比较对象的值,降序排序 测试:
public class SortTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new Student(103,25,"关羽")); list.add(new Student(104,21,"张飞")); list.add(new Student(108,18,"刘备")); list.add(new Student(101,32,"袁绍")); list.add(new Student(109,36,"赵云")); list.add(new Student(103,16,"曹操")); System.out.println("排序前:"); for(Student student : list){ System.out.println(student.toString()); }
System.out.println("默认排序后:");
Collections.sort(list);
for(Student student : list){
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
}
}
运行结果:
排序前: Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'} Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'} Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'} Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'} Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'} Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'} 默认排序后: Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'} Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'} Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'} Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'} Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'} Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'}
Comparator: Comparator的两种使用方法:
Collections.sort(list,Comparator); list.sort(Comparator); 这个时候需求又来了,默认是用 age 排序,但是有的时候需要用 id 来排序怎么办? 这个时候比较器 :Comparator 就排上用场了:
//自定义排序:使用匿名内部类,实现Comparator接口,重写compare方法 Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() { @Override public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) { return o1.getId() - o2.getId(); } }); //自定义排序2 list.sort(new Comparator() { @Override public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) { return o1.getId() - o2.getId(); } }); compare(Student o1, Student o2) 方法的返回值跟 Comparable<> 接口的 compareTo(Student o) 方法返回值意思相同
运行结果:
自定义ID排序后: Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'} Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'} Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'} Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'} Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'} Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'} 源码:
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.List;
class Student implements Comparable{ private int id; private int age; private String name;
public Student(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
//降序
//return o.age - this.age;
//升序
return this.age - o.age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class SortTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new Student(103,25,"关羽")); list.add(new Student(104,21,"张飞")); list.add(new Student(108,18,"刘备")); list.add(new Student(101,32,"袁绍")); list.add(new Student(109,36,"赵云")); list.add(new Student(103,16,"曹操")); System.out.println("排序前:"); for(Student student : list){ System.out.println(student.toString()); }
System.out.println("默认排序后:");
Collections.sort(list);
for(Student student : list){
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
//自定义排序:使用匿名内部类,实现Comparator接口,重写compare方法
Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Student>() {
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
return o1.getId() - o2.getId();
}
});
System.out.println("自定义ID排序后:");
for(Student student : list){
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
//自定义排序2
list.sort(new Comparator<Student>() {
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
return o1.getId() - o2.getId();
}
});
}
}
Arrays.sort()的使用: 升序排序: 1.正常排序一个数组:Arrays.sort(int [] a);
我们看一下源码:
public static void sort(int[] a) { DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, 0, a.length - 1, null, 0, 0); } 本质上还是用到了快排,同时默认时从小到大进行排序的,具体实现:
public static void main(String[] args) { //1.Arrays.sort(int[] a) 默认从小到达排序 int[] a = new int[]{10,2,7,8,9,15,7}; System.out.println("默认时从小到大排序:"); Arrays.sort(a); for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " "); } 运行结果:
默认时从小到大排序: 2 7 7 8 9 10 15 2.在一定区间内排序数组:Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
->规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex,左闭右开
public static void main(String[] args) { //2.Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex) //规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex int[] a = new int[]{2,5,4,1,19,3,2}; Arrays.sort(a,1,4); for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " "); } 降序排序: 实现方法:Collections.reverseOrder()
public static void sort(T[] a,int fromIndex, int toIndex, Comparator<? super T> c) 要实现降序排序,得通过包装类型的数组来实现,基本数据类型数组是不行的:
正确用法:
//2.java自带的Collections.reverseOrder() 降序排序数组 System.out.println("java自带的Collections.reverseOrder():"); Integer[] integers = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56}; Arrays.sort(integers, Collections.reverseOrder());
for (Integer integer : integers) System.out.print(integer + " ");
运行结果:
java自带的Collections.reverseOrder(): 293 64 56 35 24 10 自定义排序方法: 自定义排序方法,需要实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法 //3.自定义排序方法,实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法 Integer[] integers2 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};
Arrays.sort(integers2, new Comparator<Integer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
return o2.compareTo(o1);
}
});
System.out.println("自定义排序方法:");
for (int x : integers2) System.out.print(x + " ");
运行结果:
自定义排序方法: 293 64 56 35 24 10 同时,我们可以用lambda表达是简化书写:
//4.lambda表达式简化书写 Integer[] integers3 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56}; Arrays.sort(integers3, (o1, o2) -> { return o2 - o1; }); System.out.println("lambda表达式简化书写:"); for (int x : integers3) System.out.print(x + " "); 运行结果:
lambda表达式简化书写: 293 64 56 35 24 10 源码:
import java.util.*; public class sortTest { public static void main1(String[] args) { //1.Arrays.sort(int[] a) 默认从小到达排序 int[] a = new int[]{10,2,7,8,9,15,7}; System.out.println("默认时从小到大排序:"); Arrays.sort(a); for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " "); }
public static void main2(String[] args) {
//2.Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
//规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex
int[] a = new int[]{2,5,4,1,19,3,2};
Arrays.sort(a,1,4);
for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");
}
public static void main3(String[] args) {
/* //1.实现降序排序,基本的数据类型数组是不行的
int[] a = new int[]{10,293,35,24,64,56};
Arrays.sort(a,Collections.reverseOrder());
for(int x : a) System.out.println(x + " ");*/
//2.java自带的Collections.reverseOrder() 降序排序数组
System.out.println("java自带的Collections.reverseOrder():");
Integer[] integers = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};
Arrays.sort(integers, Collections.reverseOrder());
for (Integer integer : integers) System.out.print(integer + " ");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===================================");
//3.自定义排序方法,实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法
Integer[] integers2 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};
Arrays.sort(integers2, new Comparator<Integer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
return o2.compareTo(o1);
}
});
System.out.println("自定义排序方法:");
for (int x : integers2) System.out.print(x + " ");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===================================");
//4.lambda表达式简化书写
Integer[] integers3 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};
Arrays.sort(integers3, (o1, o2) -> {
return o2 - o1;
});
System.out.println("lambda表达式简化书写:");
for (int x : integers3) System.out.print(x + " ");
}
}
补充,二维数组的排序:通过实现Comparator接口来自定义排序二维数组,以下面为例:
@Override
public int compare(int[] o1, int[] o2) {
return o1[0] - o2[0];
}
} public class Sort { public static void main123(String[] args) { int[][] res = new int[][]{ {3,6,7,8}, {2,3,65,7}, {1,4,5,78}, {6,1,2,4} }; //自定义排序二维数组,这里是按照每行第一个数字进行排序 Arrays.sort(res,new Cmp()); for(int i = 0;i < res.length;i++){ for(int j = 0;j < res[0].length;j++){ System.out.print(res[i][j] + " "); } System.out.println(); } } }
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/2302_79862386/article/details/139325796