### 步骤概览
下面是在K8S中实现MySQL主从搭建的详细步骤:
| 步骤 | 操作 |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | 创建MySQL主服务Deployment |
| 2 | 创建MySQL从服务Deployment |
| 3 | 配置主从同步 |
| 4 | 验证主从同步是否正常 |
### 详细步骤及代码示例
#### 步骤一:创建MySQL主服务Deployment
首先,我们需要创建MySQL主服务Deployment,以下是一个示例Deployment的配置文件:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mysql-master
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
tier: master
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
tier: master
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
image: mysql:5.7
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: password
```
- apiVersion:使用的API版本
- kind:资源类型,这里是Deployment
- metadata:元数据,包括Deployment的名称
- spec:具体的配置,包括副本数、选择器、容器信息等
- containers:容器配置,这里使用MySQL 5.7镜像,设置MySQL的root密码为"password"
通过上述配置文件创建MySQL主服务Deployment:`kubectl apply -f mysql-master.yaml`
#### 步骤二:创建MySQL从服务Deployment
接下来,创建MySQL从服务Deployment,配置文件示例如下:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mysql-slave
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
tier: slave
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
tier: slave
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
image: mysql:5.7
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: password
```
与主服务Deployment类似,通过上述配置文件创建MySQL从服务Deployment:`kubectl apply -f mysql-slave.yaml`
#### 步骤三:配置主从同步
配置MySQL主从同步需要在MySQL从服务中连接到MySQL主服务,修改MySQL从服务的配置文件如下所示:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: mysql-slave-config
data:
my.cnf: |
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
log_bin = mysql-bin
log_slave_updates = 1
read_only = 1
```
修改MySQL从服务Deployment,挂载上述ConfigMap:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mysql-slave
spec:
template:
spec:
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: mysql-slave-config
containers:
- name: mysql
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
```
#### 步骤四:验证主从同步是否正常
最后,使用以下命令连接到MySQL主服务并创建数据库、表,然后在MySQL从服务中查看是否同步成功:
```bash
kubectl exec -it {mysql-master-pod-name} -- mysql -uroot -ppassword
CREATE DATABASE example;
USE example;
CREATE TABLE users (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255));
INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, "Alice");
kubectl exec -it {mysql-slave-pod-name} -- mysql -uroot -ppassword
USE example;
SELECT * FROM users;
```
### 总结
通过以上步骤,你已经成功在K8S中实现了MySQL主从搭建并验证了主从同步是否正常。MySQL主从搭建可以提高数据库的可用性和数据安全性,希望这篇文章能帮助你理解和实践这一过程。如果你有任何疑问或者遇到问题,欢迎随时向我提问!