Android开发 网络通讯 样例 安卓网络通讯
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Android的三种网络通讯方式
1.标准Java接口
java.net.*提供与联网有关的类，包括流、数据包套接字(socket)、Internet协议、常见Http处理等。比如：创建URL，以及URLConnection/HttpURLConnection对象、设置链接参数、链接到服务器、向服务器写数据、从服务器读取数据等通信。这些在Java网络编程中均有涉及，我们看一个简单的socket编程，实现服务器回发客户端信息。
下面用个例子来说明：
A、客户端：
新建Android项目工程：SocketForAndroid（这个随意起名字了吧，我是以这个建立的！）
下面是main_activity.xml的代码：
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:orientation = "vertical" >
< TextView
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:text = "@string/hello" />
< EditText
android:id = "@+id/message"
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:hint = "@string/hint" />
< Button
android:id = "@+id/send"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:text = "@string/send" />
</ LinearLayout >
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MainActivity.java的代码入下：
package com.yaowen.socketforandroid;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private EditText message;
private Button send;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//初始化两个UI控件
message = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.message);
send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
//设置发送按钮的点击事件响应
send.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Socket socket = null ;
//获取message输入框里的输入的内容
String msg = message.getText().toString() + "\r\n" ;
try {
//这里必须是192.168.3.200，不可以是localhost或者127.0.0.1
socket = new Socket( "192.168.3.200" , 18888 );
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(
new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(
socket.getOutputStream()
)
), true );
//发送消息
out.println(msg);
//接收数据
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
socket.getInputStream()
)
);
//读取接收的数据
String msg_in = in.readLine();
if ( null != msg_in) {
message.setText(msg_in);
System.out.println(msg_in);
} else {
message.setText( "接收的数据有误!" );
}
//关闭各种流
out.close();
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if ( null != socket) {
//socket不为空时，最后记得要把socket关闭
socket.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
}
}
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最后别忘记添加访问网络权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
B、服务端：
package service;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class ServerAndroid implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
Socket socket = null ;
try {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket( 18888 );
// 循环监听客户端链接请求
while ( true ) {
System.out.println( "start..." );
// 接收请求
socket = server.accept();
System.out.println( "accept..." );
// 接收客户端消息
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String message = in.readLine();
System.out.println(message);
// 发送消息，向客户端
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())),
true );
out.println( "Server:" + message);
// 关闭流
in.close();
out.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if ( null != socket) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
// 启动服务器
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread server = new Thread( new ServerAndroid());
server.start();
}
}
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C、启动服务器，控制台会打印出“start...”字符串！
D、运行Android项目文件，如下图：
在输入框里输入如下字符串，点发送按钮：
服务器收到客户端发来的消息并打印到控制台：
2、Apache接口
对于大部分应用程序而言JDK本身提供的网络功能已远远不够，这时就需要Android提供的Apache HttpClient了。它是一个开源项目，功能更加完善，为客户端的Http编程提供高效、最新、功能丰富的工具包支持。
下面我们以一个简单例子来看看如何使用HttpClient在Android客户端访问Web。
首先，要在你的机器上搭建一个web应用test，有两个很简单的PHP文件：hello_get.php和hello_post.php！
内容如下：
hello_get.php的代码如下：
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_GET [ "name" ]; ?><br>
You connected this page on : <?php echo $_GET [ "get" ]; ?>
</body>
</html>
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hello_post.php的代码如下：
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST [ "name" ]; ?><br>
You connected this page on : <?php echo $_POST [ "post" ]; ?>
</body>
</html>
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在原来的Android项目里新建一个Apache活动类：Apache.java，代码如下：
package com.yaowen.socketforandroid;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by YAOWEN on 2015/11/10.
*/
public class ApacheActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private TextView textView;
private Button get1, post1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.apache);
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
get1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.get);
post1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.post);
get1.setOnClickListener( this );
post1.setOnClickListener( this );
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (v.getId() == R.id.get) {
//注意：此处ip不能用127.0.0.1或localhost,Android模拟器已将它自己作为了localhost
String url = "http://192.168.3.200/test/hello_get.php?name=yaowen&get=GET" ;
textView.setText(get(url));
}
if (v.getId() == R.id.post) {
String url= "http://192.168.3.200/test/hello_post.php" ;
textView.setText(post(url));
}
}
/**
* 以post方式发送请求，访问web
*
* @param url web地址
* @return 响应数据
*/
private String post(String url) {
BufferedReader reader = null ;
StringBuffer sb = null ;
String result = "" ;
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost requset = new HttpPost(url);
//保存要传递的参数
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
//添加参数
params.add( new BasicNameValuePair( "name" , "yaowen" ));
params.add( new BasicNameValuePair( "post" , "POST" ));
try {
HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8" );
requset.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(requset);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200 ) {
System.out.println( "post success" );
reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));
sb = new StringBuffer();
String line = "" ;
String NL = System.getProperty( "line.separator" );
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null ) {
sb.append(line);
}
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if ( null != reader) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if ( null != sb) {
result = sb.toString();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 以get方式发送请求，访问web
*
* @param url web地址
* @return 响应数据
*/
private static String get(String url) {
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null ;
StringBuffer sb = null ;
String result = "" ;
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);
//发送请求，得到响应
try {
HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
//请求成功
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200 ) {
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
response.getEntity()
.getContent()
)
);
sb = new StringBuffer();
String line = "" ;
String NL = System.getProperty( "line.separator" );
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null ) {
sb.append(line);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if ( null != bufferedReader) {
try {
bufferedReader.close();
//bufferedReader=null;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if ( null != sb) {
result = sb.toString();
}
}
return result;
}
}
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新建一个apache.XML文件，如下：
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:orientation = "vertical" >
< TextView
android:id = "@+id/textView"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:gravity = "center"
android:text = "通过按钮选择不同方式访问网页" />
< Button
android:id = "@+id/get"
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:text = "get" />
< Button
android:id = "@+id/post"
android:layout_width = "match_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:text = "post" />
</ LinearLayout >
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结果运行如下：
3.android.net编程：
常常使用此包下的类进行Android特有的网络编程，如：访问WiFi，访问Android联网信息，邮件等功能。
这里就不详细做例子了，因为这个接触比较多~~~。
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