Dubbo提供了哪些集群容错机制?如何实现的?

        提供了六种集群容错机制,包括Failover(失败自动切换,尝试其他服务器)、Failfast(失败立即抛出异常)、Failsafe(失败忽略异常)、Failback(失败自动恢复,记录日志并定时重试)、Forking(并行调用多个服务,一个成功立即返回)、Broadcast(广播调用所有提供者,任意一个报错则报错);

        下面我们看看基础类的实现:

        1、ClusterInvoker默认实现类:AbstractClusterInvoker,给ClusterInvoker子类提供了实现框架。

        

dubbo容错限流怎么实现的 dubbo容错机制配置_子类

        主要方法有以下几个:

        invoke()方法,给子类的doInvoke()方法准备输入参数invoker列表和loadbalance实例,实现逻辑为:

        (1)首先判断当前invoker是否被销毁(销毁则直接抛出异常);

        (2)从Directory目录(通常是注册中心返回的服务列表)中得到invoker列表,调用directory.list()方法;

        (3)根据invoker列表中的第一个invoker的Url负载均衡配置信息,动态加载并实例化一个loadbalance子类(如果没有配置则使用缺省loadbalance);

        (4)设置invokerId;

        (5)调用子类的doInvoke()方法执行调用过程。

1     public Result invoke(final Invocation invocation) throws RpcException {
 2 
 3         checkWhetherDestroyed();
 4 
 5         LoadBalance loadbalance;
 6 
 7         List<Invoker<T>> invokers = list(invocation);
 8         if (invokers != null && invokers.size() > 0) {
 9             loadbalance = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(invokers.get(0).getUrl()
10                     .getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(), Constants.LOADBALANCE_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE));
11         } else {
12             loadbalance = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE);
13         }
14         RpcUtils.attachInvocationIdIfAsync(getUrl(), invocation);
15         return doInvoke(invocation, invokers, loadbalance);
16     }

 

        select()方法在子类的doInvoke()方法中调用,通过负载均衡策略选择一个invoker,实现逻辑为:

        a)首先通过负载均衡策略选择一个invoker,如果这个invoker在之前维护的selected列表中(将使用过的invoker记录在selected本地缓存中),或者这个invoker不可用,则跳转到步骤b重新选择;否则直接返回这个invoker;

        b)重新选择reselect()方法,先从给定的invokers列表中选出不在selected(使用过)列表中的invoker列表reselectInvokers,在reselectInvokers中通过负载均衡策略选出一个invoker返回;如果之前给定的invokes列表都在selected中(都使用过),则筛选出selected列表中所有可用的invoker,再使用负载均衡策略选择出一个invoker返回;这种策略将重复选择的几率降到最低。

1     /**
 2      * Select a invoker using loadbalance policy.</br>
 3      * a)Firstly, select an invoker using loadbalance. If this invoker is in previously selected list, or, if this invoker is unavailable, then continue step b (reselect), otherwise return the first selected invoker</br>
 4      * b)Reslection, the validation rule for reselection: selected > available. This rule guarantees that the selected invoker has the minimum chance to be one in the previously selected list, and also guarantees this invoker is available.
 5      *
 6      * @param loadbalance load balance policy
 7      * @param invocation
 8      * @param invokers invoker candidates
 9      * @param selected  exclude selected invokers or not
10      * @return
11      * @throws RpcExceptione
12      */
13     protected Invoker<T> select(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, List<Invoker<T>> selected) throws RpcException {
14         if (invokers == null || invokers.size() == 0)
15             return null;
16         String methodName = invocation == null ? "" : invocation.getMethodName();
17 
18         boolean sticky = invokers.get(0).getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.CLUSTER_STICKY_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_STICKY);
19         {
20             //ignore overloaded method
21             if (stickyInvoker != null && !invokers.contains(stickyInvoker)) {
22                 stickyInvoker = null;
23             }
24             //ignore cucurrent problem
25             if (sticky && stickyInvoker != null && (selected == null || !selected.contains(stickyInvoker))) {
26                 if (availablecheck && stickyInvoker.isAvailable()) {
27                     return stickyInvoker;
28                 }
29             }
30         }
31         Invoker<T> invoker = doselect(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected);
32 
33         if (sticky) {
34             stickyInvoker = invoker;
35         }
36         return invoker;
37     }

         

1     private Invoker<T> doselect(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, List<Invoker<T>> selected) throws RpcException {
 2         if (invokers == null || invokers.size() == 0)
 3             return null;
 4         if (invokers.size() == 1)
 5             return invokers.get(0);
 6         // If we only have two invokers, use round-robin instead.
 7         if (invokers.size() == 2 && selected != null && selected.size() > 0) {
 8             return selected.get(0) == invokers.get(0) ? invokers.get(1) : invokers.get(0);
 9         }
10         Invoker<T> invoker = loadbalance.select(invokers, getUrl(), invocation);
11 
12         //If the `invoker` is in the  `selected` or invoker is unavailable && availablecheck is true, reselect.
13         if ((selected != null && selected.contains(invoker))
14                 || (!invoker.isAvailable() && getUrl() != null && availablecheck)) {
15             try {
16                 Invoker<T> rinvoker = reselect(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected, availablecheck);
17                 if (rinvoker != null) {
18                     invoker = rinvoker;
19                 } else {
20                     //Check the index of current selected invoker, if it's not the last one, choose the one at index+1.
21                     int index = invokers.indexOf(invoker);
22                     try {
23                         //Avoid collision
24                         invoker = index < invokers.size() - 1 ? invokers.get(index + 1) : invoker;
25                     } catch (Exception e) {
26                         logger.warn(e.getMessage() + " may because invokers list dynamic change, ignore.", e);
27                     }
28                 }
29             } catch (Throwable t) {
30                 logger.error("clustor relselect fail reason is :" + t.getMessage() + " if can not slove ,you can set cluster.availablecheck=false in url", t);
31             }
32         }
33         return invoker;
34     }

        

1     /**
 2      * Reselect, use invokers not in `selected` first, if all invokers are in `selected`, just pick an available one using loadbalance policy.
 3      *
 4      * @param loadbalance
 5      * @param invocation
 6      * @param invokers
 7      * @param selected
 8      * @return
 9      * @throws RpcException
10      */
11     private Invoker<T> reselect(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation,
12                                 List<Invoker<T>> invokers, List<Invoker<T>> selected, boolean availablecheck)
13             throws RpcException {
14 
15         //Allocating one in advance, this list is certain to be used.
16         List<Invoker<T>> reselectInvokers = new ArrayList<Invoker<T>>(invokers.size() > 1 ? (invokers.size() - 1) : invokers.size());
17 
18         //First, try picking a invoker not in `selected`.
19         if (availablecheck) { // invoker.isAvailable() should be checked
20             for (Invoker<T> invoker : invokers) {
21                 if (invoker.isAvailable()) {
22                     if (selected == null || !selected.contains(invoker)) {
23                         reselectInvokers.add(invoker);
24                     }
25                 }
26             }
27             if (reselectInvokers.size() > 0) {
28                 return loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation);
29             }
30         } else { // do not check invoker.isAvailable()
31             for (Invoker<T> invoker : invokers) {
32                 if (selected == null || !selected.contains(invoker)) {
33                     reselectInvokers.add(invoker);
34                 }
35             }
36             if (reselectInvokers.size() > 0) {
37                 return loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation);
38             }
39         }
40         // Just pick an available invoker using loadbalance policy
41         {
42             if (selected != null) {
43                 for (Invoker<T> invoker : selected) {
44                     if ((invoker.isAvailable()) // available first
45                             && !reselectInvokers.contains(invoker)) {
46                         reselectInvokers.add(invoker);
47                     }
48                 }
49             }
50             if (reselectInvokers.size() > 0) {
51                 return loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation);
52             }
53         }
54         return null;
55     }

 

        2、Failover Cluster:失败自动切换,当出现失败,重试其它服务器 。

        通常用于读操作,但重试会带来更长延迟。可通过 retries="2" 来设置重试次数(不含第一次)。

        集群配置如下(该配置为缺省配置):

        <dubbo:service cluster="failover" />或<dubbo:reference cluster="failover" />

        重试次数配置有三种方式:

        <dubbo:service retries="2" />

        <dubbo:reference retries="2" />   

        <dubbo:reference>

                <dubbo:method name="findFoo" retries="2" />

        </dubbo:reference>

        源码详解如下:

        FailoverCluster类,实际使用了FailoverClusterInvoker类;

1 /**
 2  * {@link FailoverClusterInvoker}
 3  *
 4  */
 5 public class FailoverCluster implements Cluster {
 6 
 7     public final static String NAME = "failover";
 8 
 9     public <T> Invoker<T> join(Directory<T> directory) throws RpcException {
10         return new FailoverClusterInvoker<T>(directory);
11     }
12 
13 }

 

        FailoverClusterInvoker类,继承了AbstractClusterInvoker类,通过doInvoke()方法实现了Failover机制:失败自动切换,当出现失败,重试其它服务器。

        doInvoke()被父类AbstractClusterInvoker的invoke()方法调用,实现逻辑为:

        (1)根据参数retries得到重试次数(默认0),设置循环最大次数len=retries+1;

        (2)以最大次数len开始循环:

        (3)首次循环,执行父类的select()方法,使用负载均衡机制选出一个invoker,执行invoker.invoke(invocation)返回结果;如果执行成功则返回退出;如果抛出异常,记录异常,继续循环;

        (4)检查invokers是否有效,重新执行步骤3,直到成功返回,或者循环到达最大次数len;

1     public Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, final List<Invoker<T>> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException {
 2         List<Invoker<T>> copyinvokers = invokers;
 3         checkInvokers(copyinvokers, invocation);
           //根据参数retries得到重试次数(默认0),设置循环最大次数len=retries+1
 4         int len = getUrl().getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(), Constants.RETRIES_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_RETRIES) + 1;
 5         if (len <= 0) {
 6             len = 1;
 7         }
 8         // retry loop.
 9         RpcException le = null; // last exception.
10         List<Invoker<T>> invoked = new ArrayList<Invoker<T>>(copyinvokers.size()); // invoked invokers.
11         Set<String> providers = new HashSet<String>(len);
12         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
13             //Reselect before retry to avoid a change of candidate `invokers`.
14             //NOTE: if `invokers` changed, then `invoked` also lose accuracy.
               //检查invokers是否有效
15             if (i > 0) {
16                 checkWhetherDestroyed();
17                 copyinvokers = list(invocation);
18                 // check again
19                 checkInvokers(copyinvokers, invocation);
20             }
               //执行父类的select()方法,使用负载均衡机制选出一个invoker,执行invoker.invoke(invocation)返回结果;如果执行成功则返回退出;如果抛出异常,记录异常,继续循环
21             Invoker<T> invoker = select(loadbalance, invocation, copyinvokers, invoked);
22             invoked.add(invoker);
23             RpcContext.getContext().setInvokers((List) invoked);
24             try {
25                 Result result = invoker.invoke(invocation);
26                 if (le != null && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
27                     logger.warn("Although retry the method " + invocation.getMethodName()
28                             + " in the service " + getInterface().getName()
29                             + " was successful by the provider " + invoker.getUrl().getAddress()
30                             + ", but there have been failed providers " + providers
31                             + " (" + providers.size() + "/" + copyinvokers.size()
32                             + ") from the registry " + directory.getUrl().getAddress()
33                             + " on the consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost()
34                             + " using the dubbo version " + Version.getVersion() + ". Last error is: "
35                             + le.getMessage(), le);
36                 }
37                 return result;
38             } catch (RpcException e) {
39                 if (e.isBiz()) { // biz exception.
40                     throw e;
41                 }
42                 le = e;
43             } catch (Throwable e) {
44                 le = new RpcException(e.getMessage(), e);
45             } finally {
46                 providers.add(invoker.getUrl().getAddress());
47             }
48         }
49         throw new RpcException(le != null ? le.getCode() : 0, "Failed to invoke the method "
50                 + invocation.getMethodName() + " in the service " + getInterface().getName()
51                 + ". Tried " + len + " times of the providers " + providers
52                 + " (" + providers.size() + "/" + copyinvokers.size()
53                 + ") from the registry " + directory.getUrl().getAddress()
54                 + " on the consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + " using the dubbo version "
55                 + Version.getVersion() + ". Last error is: "
56                 + (le != null ? le.getMessage() : ""), le != null && le.getCause() != null ? le.getCause() : le);
57     }

        3、Failfast Cluster,快速失败,只发起一次调用,失败立即报错。通常用于非幂等性的写操作,比如新增记录。

        FailfastClusterInvoker类,继承了AbstractClusterInvoker类,通过doInvoke()方法实现了Failfast机制:失败立即抛出异常。

        doInvoke()被父类AbstractClusterInvoker的invoke()方法调用:

1     public Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException {
 2         checkInvokers(invokers, invocation);
 3         Invoker<T> invoker = select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, null);
 4         try {
 5             return invoker.invoke(invocation);
 6         } catch (Throwable e) {
 7             if (e instanceof RpcException && ((RpcException) e).isBiz()) { // biz exception.
 8                 throw (RpcException) e;
 9             }
10             throw new RpcException(e instanceof RpcException ? ((RpcException) e).getCode() : 0, "Failfast invoke providers " + invoker.getUrl() + " " + loadbalance.getClass().getSimpleName() + " select from all providers " + invokers + " for service " + getInterface().getName() + " method " + invocation.getMethodName() + " on consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + " use dubbo version " + Version.getVersion() + ", but no luck to perform the invocation. Last error is: " + e.getMessage(), e.getCause() != null ? e.getCause() : e);
11         }
12     }

 

 

        4、Failsafe Cluster,失败安全,出现异常时,直接忽略。通常用于写入审计日志等操作。

        FailfastClusterInvoker类,继承了AbstractClusterInvoker类,通过doInvoke()方法实现了Failsafe机制:失败出现异常直接忽略。

        doInvoke()被父类AbstractClusterInvoker的invoke()方法调用:

1     public Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException {
 2         try {
 3             checkInvokers(invokers, invocation);
 4             Invoker<T> invoker = select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, null);
 5             return invoker.invoke(invocation);
 6         } catch (Throwable e) {
 7             logger.error("Failsafe ignore exception: " + e.getMessage(), e);
 8             return new RpcResult(); // ignore
 9         }
10     }

 

        5、Failback Cluster,失败自动恢复,后台记录失败请求,定时重发。通常用于消息通知操作。

        FailbackClusterInvoker类,继承了AbstractClusterInvoker类,通过doInvoke()方法实现了Failback机制。

        doInvoke()被父类AbstractClusterInvoker的invoke()方法调用,记录每次失败的调用到failed这个map里,用一个定时任务执行器重试失败的任务;

1     private void addFailed(Invocation invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<?> router) {
 2         if (retryFuture == null) {
 3             synchronized (this) {
 4                 if (retryFuture == null) {
 5                     retryFuture = scheduledExecutorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
 6 
 7                         public void run() {
 8                             // collect retry statistics
 9                             try {
10                                 retryFailed();
11                             } catch (Throwable t) { // Defensive fault tolerance
12                                 logger.error("Unexpected error occur at collect statistic", t);
13                             }
14                         }
15                     }, RETRY_FAILED_PERIOD, RETRY_FAILED_PERIOD, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
16                 }
17             }
18         }
19         failed.put(invocation, router);
20     }
21 
22     void retryFailed() {
23         if (failed.size() == 0) {
24             return;
25         }
26         for (Map.Entry<Invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<?>> entry : new HashMap<Invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<?>>(
27                 failed).entrySet()) {
28             Invocation invocation = entry.getKey();
29             Invoker<?> invoker = entry.getValue();
30             try {
31                 invoker.invoke(invocation);
32                 failed.remove(invocation);
33             } catch (Throwable e) {
34                 logger.error("Failed retry to invoke method " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", waiting again.", e);
35             }
36         }
37     }
38 
39     protected Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException {
40         try {
41             checkInvokers(invokers, invocation);
42             Invoker<T> invoker = select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, null);
43             return invoker.invoke(invocation);
44         } catch (Throwable e) {
45             logger.error("Failback to invoke method " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", wait for retry in background. Ignored exception: "
46                     + e.getMessage() + ", ", e);
47             addFailed(invocation, this);
48             return new RpcResult(); // ignore
49         }
50     }

 

        6、Forking Cluster,并行调用多个服务器,只要一个成功即返回。通常用于实时性要求较高的读操作,但需要浪费更多服务资源。可通过 forks="2" 来设置最大并行数。

        ForkingClusterInvoker类,继承了AbstractClusterInvoker类,通过doInvoke()方法实现了Forking机制。

        doInvoke()被父类AbstractClusterInvoker的invoke()方法调用,调用逻辑为:

        (1)通过select()获得足够多的invoker加入selected;

        (2)循环selected,每次从线程池获得一个线程对一个invoker发起调用请求,每次将返回的结果放入一个阻塞队列中,如果有异常,将最后一个invoker发生的异常放入阻塞队列;

        (3)从阻塞队列弹出第一个结果,如果不是异常,就直接返回,否则抛出异常;

1     public Result doInvoke(final Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException {
 2         checkInvokers(invokers, invocation);
 3         final List<Invoker<T>> selected;
 4         final int forks = getUrl().getParameter(Constants.FORKS_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_FORKS);
 5         final int timeout = getUrl().getParameter(Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
 6         if (forks <= 0 || forks >= invokers.size()) {
 7             selected = invokers;
 8         } else {
 9             selected = new ArrayList<Invoker<T>>();
10             for (int i = 0; i < forks; i++) {
11                 // TODO. Add some comment here, refer chinese version for more details.
12                 Invoker<T> invoker = select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected);
13                 if (!selected.contains(invoker)) {//Avoid add the same invoker several times.
14                     selected.add(invoker);
15                 }
16             }
17         }
18         RpcContext.getContext().setInvokers((List) selected);
19         final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
20         final BlockingQueue<Object> ref = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Object>();
21         for (final Invoker<T> invoker : selected) {
22             executor.execute(new Runnable() {
23                 public void run() {
24                     try {
25                         Result result = invoker.invoke(invocation);
26                         ref.offer(result);
27                     } catch (Throwable e) {
28                         int value = count.incrementAndGet();
29                         if (value >= selected.size()) {
30                             ref.offer(e);
31                         }
32                     }
33                 }
34             });
35         }
36         try {
37             Object ret = ref.poll(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
38             if (ret instanceof Throwable) {
39                 Throwable e = (Throwable) ret;
40                 throw new RpcException(e instanceof RpcException ? ((RpcException) e).getCode() : 0, "Failed to forking invoke provider " + selected + ", but no luck to perform the invocation. Last error is: " + e.getMessage(), e.getCause() != null ? e.getCause() : e);
41             }
42             return (Result) ret;
43         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
44             throw new RpcException("Failed to forking invoke provider " + selected + ", but no luck to perform the invocation. Last error is: " + e.getMessage(), e);
45         }
46     }